django - 如何在管理面板中添加自定义用户模型？

Question

我创建了一个扩展 AbstractBaseUser 类的自定义用户模型。代码如下。

class UserModel(AbstractBaseUser):
    sys_id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True, blank=True)        
    name = models.CharField(max_length=127, null=False, blank=False)    
    email = models.EmailField(max_length=127, unique=True, null=False, blank=False)
    mobile = models.CharField(max_length=10, unique=True, null=False, blank=False)  
    user_type = models.PositiveSmallIntegerField(choices=user_type_choices, null=False, blank=True, help_text="Admin(1)/Institute(2)/Student(3)")  
    access_valid_start = models.DateTimeField(null=True, blank=True)
    access_valid_end = models.DateTimeField(null=True, blank=True)
    created_when = models.DateTimeField(null=True, blank=True )
    created_by = models.BigIntegerField(null=True, blank=True)
    last_updated_when = models.DateTimeField(null=True, blank=True)
    last_updated_by = models.BigIntegerField(null=True, blank=True)
    notes = models.CharField(max_length=2048, null=True, blank=True)
    is_active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
    # this field is required to login super user from admin panel
    is_staff = models.BooleanField(default=True)
    # this field is required to login super user from admin panel
    is_superuser = models.BooleanField(default=False)

    objects = MyUserManager()

    USERNAME_FIELD = "email"
    # REQUIRED_FIELDS must contain all required fields on your User model, 
    # but should not contain the USERNAME_FIELD or password as these fields will always be prompted for.
    REQUIRED_FIELDS = ['name', 'mobile', 'user_type']

    class Meta:
        app_label = "accounts"
        db_table = "users"

    def __str__(self):
        return self.email

    def get_full_name(self):
        return self.name

    def get_short_name(self):
        return self.name

    # this methods are require to login super user from admin panel
    def has_perm(self, perm, obj=None):
        return self.is_superuser

    # this methods are require to login super user from admin panel
    def has_module_perms(self, app_label):
        return self.is_superuser

现在在我的管理面板中只有“组”可用。我希望我的自定义用户模式，即 UserModel 出现在管理面板中，以便我可以从管理用户界面添加、编辑和删除用户。
我尝试了来自 SO 的多个代码，其中最简单的代码如下

from django.contrib.auth.admin import UserAdmin
from accounts.models import UserModel
from django.contrib import admin


class MyUserAdmin(UserAdmin):
    model = UserModel

    fieldsets = UserAdmin.fieldsets + (
            (None, {'fields': ('mobile',)}),
    )

admin.site.register(UserModel, MyUserAdmin)

现在我收到此错误..
错误:

<class 'accounts.admin.MyUserAdmin'>: (admin.E019) The value of 'filter_horizontal[0]' refers to 'groups', which is not an attribute of 'accounts.UserModel'.
<class 'accounts.admin.MyUserAdmin'>: (admin.E019) The value of 'filter_horizontal[1]' refers to 'user_permissions', which is not an attribute of 'accounts.UserModel'.
<class 'accounts.admin.MyUserAdmin'>: (admin.E033) The value of 'ordering[0]' refers to 'username', which is not an attribute of 'accounts.UserModel'.
<class 'accounts.admin.MyUserAdmin'>: (admin.E108) The value of 'list_display[0]' refers to 'username', which is not a callable, an attribute of 'MyUserAdmin', or an attribute or method on 'accounts.UserModel'.
<class 'accounts.admin.MyUserAdmin'>: (admin.E108) The value of 'list_display[2]' refers to 'first_name', which is not a callable, an attribute of 'MyUserAdmin', or an attribute or method on 'accounts.UserModel'.
<class 'accounts.admin.MyUserAdmin'>: (admin.E108) The value of 'list_display[3]' refers to 'last_name', which is not a callable, an attribute of 'MyUserAdmin', or an attribute or method on 'accounts.UserModel'.
<class 'accounts.admin.MyUserAdmin'>: (admin.E116) The value of 'list_filter[3]' refers to 'groups', which does not refer to a Field.

请告诉我如何成功地将自定义用户模型添加到管理 UI 中？

Answer 1

来自Django Documentation

If your custom user model extends django.contrib.auth.models.AbstractUser, you can use Django’s existing django.contrib.auth.admin.UserAdmin class. However, if your user model extends AbstractBaseUser, you’ll need to define a custom ModelAdmin class. It may be possible to subclass the default django.contrib.auth.admin.UserAdmin; however, you’ll need to override any of the definitions that refer to fields on django.contrib.auth.models.AbstractUser that aren’t on your custom user class.

所以基本上，如果您从 AbstractBaseUser 而不是 AbstractUser 创建新的用户模型，您需要创建自己的自定义 ModelAdmin 类，或者，如果您继承自 UserAdmin (这就是您当前正在做的事情)，您需要覆盖并处理任何差异。