ruby-on-rails - "before :each do" block 未在 rspec 中运行

Question

在 rspec 测试中，我尝试在测试运行之前初始化两个变量，如下所示

  describe "Publishing" do
    before :each do
      page_published = Page.create(attributes_for(:page))
      page_unpublished = Page.create(attributes_for(:page_unpublished))
    end
    it "returns published pages" do
      expect(Page.published).to eq [page_published]
    end
    it "returns unpublished pages" do 
      expect(Page.unpublished).to eq [page_unpublished]
    end
  end

当我这样做时，出现错误:

1) Page Publishing returns unpublished pages
     Failure/Error: expect(Page.unpublished).to eq [page_unpublished]
     NameError:
       undefined local variable or method `page_unpublished' for #<RSpec::Core::ExampleGroup::Nested_1::Nested_4:0x0000010355b8c0>

但是，如果我在每个 it block 中定义变量，就没有错误。例如:

  describe "Publishing" do
    it "returns published pages" do
      page_published = Page.create(attributes_for(:page))
      expect(Page.published).to eq [page_published]
    end
    it "returns unpublished pages" do 
      page_unpublished = Page.create(attributes_for(:page_unpublished))
      expect(Page.unpublished).to eq [page_unpublished]
    end
  end

为什么在“before :each do” block 中声明的变量在 it block 中不被识别？

Answer 1

因为您将它们声明为 each block 的局部变量，这会立即超出范围。您需要将它们声明为实例变量，以便其他方法可以使用它们:

before :each do
  @page_published = Page.create(attributes_for(:page))
  @page_unpublished = Page.create(attributes_for(:page_unpublished))
end