java - 如何使用MappedByteBuffer从java中的映射文件中逐行读取

Question

我想以非常快的方式读取一个大文件。我正在使用MappedByteBuffer，如下所示:

String line = "";

try (RandomAccessFile file2 = new RandomAccessFile(new File(filename), "r"))
        {

            FileChannel fileChannel = file2.getChannel();


            MappedByteBuffer buffer = fileChannel.map(FileChannel.MapMode.READ_ONLY, 0, fileChannel.size());


            for (int i = 0; i < buffer.limit(); i++)
            {
               char a = (char) buffer.get();
               if (a == '\n'){
                   System.out.println(line);  
                   line = "";
             }else{
                 line += Character.toString(c);


            }
        }

这无法正常工作。它正在更改文件的内容并打印更改的内容。有没有更好的方法使用 MappedByteBuffer 读取文件的一行？

最终我想分割该行并提取某些内容(因为它的 csv)，所以这只是重现问题的最小示例。

Answer 1

我使用一个充满随机字符串的 21 GB 文件进行了一些测试，每行长度为 20-40 个字符。看来内置的 BufferedReader 仍然是最快的方法。

File f = new File("sfs");
try(Stream<String> lines = Files.lines(f.toPath(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8)){
    lines.forEach(line -> System.out.println(line));
} catch (IOException e) {}

将行读取到流中可确保您根据需要读取行，而不是立即读取整个文件。

要进一步提高速度，您可以适度增加 BufferedReader 的缓冲区大小。在我的测试中，它在大约 1000 万行时开始优于正常缓冲区大小。

 CharsetDecoder decoder = StandardCharsets.UTF_8.newDecoder();
 int size = 8192 * 16;
 try (BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(newInputStream(f.toPath()), decoder), size)) {
        br.lines().limit(LINES_TO_READ).forEach(s -> {
     });
 } catch (IOException e) {
     e.printStackTrace();
 }

我用于测试的代码:

private static long LINES_TO_READ = 10_000_000;

private static void java8Stream(File f) {

    long startTime = System.nanoTime();

    try (Stream<String> lines = Files.lines(f.toPath(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8).limit(LINES_TO_READ)) {
        lines.forEach(line -> {
        });
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }

    long endTime = System.nanoTime();
    System.out.println("no buffer took " + (endTime - startTime) + " nanoseconds");
}

private static void streamWithLargeBuffer(File f) {
    long startTime = System.nanoTime();

    CharsetDecoder decoder = StandardCharsets.UTF_8.newDecoder();
    int size = 8192 * 16;
    try (BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(newInputStream(f.toPath()), decoder), size)) {
        br.lines().limit(LINES_TO_READ).forEach(s -> {
        });
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }

    long endTime = System.nanoTime();
    System.out.println("using large buffer took " + (endTime - startTime) + " nanoseconds");
}

private static void memoryMappedFile(File f) {
    CharsetDecoder decoder = StandardCharsets.UTF_8.newDecoder();

    long linesReadCount = 0;
    String line = "";
    long startTime = System.nanoTime();

    try (RandomAccessFile file2 = new RandomAccessFile(f, "r")) {

        FileChannel fileChannel = file2.getChannel();
        MappedByteBuffer buffer = fileChannel.map(FileChannel.MapMode.READ_ONLY, 0L, Integer.MAX_VALUE - 10_000_000);
        CharBuffer decodedBuffer = decoder.decode(buffer);

        for (int i = 0; i < decodedBuffer.limit(); i++) {
            char a = decodedBuffer.get();
            if (a == '\n') {
                line = "";
            } else {
                line += Character.toString(a);

            }
            if (linesReadCount++ >= LINES_TO_READ){
                break;
            }
        }
    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }

    long endTime = System.nanoTime();

    System.out.println("using memory mapped files took " + (endTime - startTime) + " nanoseconds");

}

顺便说一句，我注意到 FileChannel.map throws an exception如果映射文件大于 Integer.MAX_VALUE，这使得该方法对于读取非常大的文件不切实际。