c# - 工作单元测试的单元测试失败

Question

这是我的测试:

[TestMethod]
public void TestUnitOfWork()
{
    UnitOfWork unitOfWork = new UnitOfWork();

    unitOfWork.ContactRepository.Insert(new Contact
    {
        Id = Guid.NewGuid(),
        FirstName = "Dom",
        LastName = "A",
        Email = "dominicarchual@yahoo.com"
    });

    var contacts = unitOfWork.ContactRepository.Get(x => x.FirstName == "Dominic");

    Assert.AreEqual(1, contacts.Count());
}

我得到的错误是:

Test method MvcContacts.Tests.Controllers.HomeControllerTest.TestUnitOfWork threw exception: System.Data.ProviderIncompatibleException: An error occurred while getting provider information from the database. This can be caused by Entity Framework using an incorrect connection string. Check the inner exceptions for details and ensure that the connection string is correct. ---> System.Data.ProviderIncompatibleException: The provider did not return a ProviderManifestToken string. ---> System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException: A network-related or instance-specific error occurred while establishing a connection to SQL Server. The server was not found or was not accessible. Verify that the instance name is correct and that SQL Server is configured to allow remote connections. (provider: SQL Network Interfaces, error: 26 - Error Locating Server/Instance Specified)

我没有设置任何数据库；即我的上下文看起来像这样:

namespace MvcContacts.DAL
{
    public class ContactsContext : DbContext
    {
        public DbSet<Contact> Contacts { get; set; }
    }
}

我不知道如何将它映射到我的数据库；但是，我想我不必这样做，因为我只是想使用模拟数据进行测试。我错了吗？

E1:这是我的工作单元。

namespace MvcContacts.DAL
{
    public class UnitOfWork : IDisposable
    {
        private ContactsContext context = new ContactsContext();
        private GenericRepository<Contact> contactRepository;

        public GenericRepository<Contact> ContactRepository
        {
            get
            {
                if (this.contactRepository == null)
                {
                    this.contactRepository = new GenericRepository<Contact>(context);
                }
                return contactRepository;
            }
        }

        public void Save()
        {
            context.SaveChanges();
        }

        private bool disposed = false;

        protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
        {
            if (!this.disposed)
            {
                if (disposing)
                {
                    context.Dispose();
                }
            }
            this.disposed = true;
        }

        public void Dispose()
        {
            Dispose(true);
            GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
        }
    }
}

Answer 1

正如我所说，问题在于您实际上是在 UnitOfWork 中调用真实数据库.我很确定，你的 GenericRepository<>类只是包装DbSet在你的上下文中。这是您创建“真正的”数据库访问器的地方。

private ContactsContext context = new ContactsContext();

但问题是您误解了存储库的整个概念。工作单元是一些数据源的抽象。您不应该对抽象进行单元测试，相反，您应该对依赖它的某些功能进行单元测试。顺便说一下，DbContext根据该定义(来自 martinfowler.com)，它本身就是一个工作单元:

Maintains a list of objects affected by a business transaction and coordinates the writing out of changes and the resolution of concurrency problems.

为什么人们不让它保持原样？因为它有一个缺陷。让我举例说明。看来您正在学习 ASP.Net MVC，所以让我们编写一些 Controller :

public class ContactsController
{
    public ActionResult Index(int pageSize, int currentPage)
    {
         using(var db = new MvcLearningContext())
         {
             var contacts = db.Contacts
                              .Skip((currentPage - 1) * pageSize)
                              .Take(pageSize)
                              .ToList();
             return View(contacts);
         }
    }
}

您可能知道，MVC 的一大优势是能够对 Controller 逻辑进行单元测试。因此，让我们尝试编写一个简单的单元测试，以确保 Controller 操作返回的条目数不会超过给定的页面大小:

[TestMethod]
public void IndexShouldNotReturnMoreThanPageSizeResults()
{
    // arrange
    var controller = new ContactsController();

    // act
    var view = (ViewResult) controller.Index(10, 1);

    // assert  
    var Model = (IEnumerable<Contact>) view.Model;
    Assert.IsTrue(view.Model.Count() <= 10)
}

但是等等...我们不想在单元测试中查询真实的数据库。 EF 的问题来了 DbContext : 这完全取决于真实的数据库。但是我们怎样才能避免呢？ UnitOfWork发挥作用:

public class ContactsController
{
    private UnitOfWorkFactoryBase _factory { get; set; }

    public ContactsController(UnitOfWorkFactoryBase factory)
    {
        factory = _factory;
    }

    public ActionResult Index(int pageSize, int currentPage)
    {
         using(var db = _factory.Create())
         {
             var contacts = db.Contacts
                              .Skip((currentPage - 1) * pageSize)
                              .Take(pageSize)
                              .ToList();
             return View(contacts);
         }
    }
}

单元测试代码:

[TestMethod]
public void IndexShouldNotReturnMoreThanPageSizeResults()
{
    // arrange
    var factory = new MockUnitOfWorkFactory();
    var controller = new ContactsController(factory);

    // act
    var view = (ViewResult) controller.Index(10, 1);

    // assert  
    var Model = (IEnumerable<Contact>) view.Model;
    Assert.IsTrue(view.Model.Count() <= 10)
}

在生产环境中你替换了MockUnitOfWorkFactory与 UnitOfWorkFactory

UPD:工厂的基本实现:

public abstract class UnitOfWorkFactoryBase
{
    public abstract UnitOfWorkBase Create();
}

public class UnitOfWorkFactory : UnitOfWorkFactoryBase
{
    public override UnitOfWorkBase Create()
    {
        return new UnitOfWork();
    }
}

public class MockUnitOfWorkFactory : UnitOfWorkFactoryBase
{
    public override UnitOfWorkBase Create()
    {
        return new MockUnitOfWork();
    }
}

UnitOfWork和 MockUnitOfWork是 UnitOfWorkBase 抽象类的实现。