Arduino readString();代码运行缓慢

Question

我有以下代码，我需要快速执行，但它需要花费大量时间来更改值，无论如何都要加快此任务的速度？

我正在使用 indexOf() 和 substring() 来完成此任务。这是为了改变 LED 条颜色。

// declare LED Series A Pins R-G-B (PWM Pins)
  int const AledRedPin = 6;
  int const AledGreenPin = 5;
  int const AledBluePin = 3;

// declare LED Series B Pins R-G-B (PWM Pins)
  int const BledRedPin = 10;
  int const BledGreenPin = 11;
  int const BledBluePin = 9;

// serial input variable & string
// initialise LED Series A Pins R-G-B (PWN Value: 0 to 255)
// initial value = 255
  int AledRed = 255;
  int AledGreen = 255;
  int AledBlue = 255;

// initialise LED Series A Pins R-G-B (PWN Value: 0 to 255)
// initial value = 255
  int BledRed = 255;
  int BledGreen = 255;
  int BledBlue = 255;

//serial input
  String Command = "";

//string manipulation
  int cmdindexval = 0;
  String CommandType = "";
  int CommandValue = 0;
  String Series = "";

void setup() {
  // put your setup code here, to run once:
  // start serial
    Serial.begin(9600);
      while (!Serial) {
        ; // wait for serial port to connect. Needed for native USB
      }

  // set LED Series A Pins as Output R-G-B
    pinMode(AledRedPin, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(AledGreenPin, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(AledBluePin, OUTPUT);

  // set LED Series B Pins as Output R-G-B
    pinMode(BledRedPin, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(BledGreenPin, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(BledBluePin, OUTPUT);
}

void loop() {
  // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
  // read from serial if it's available
    if (Serial.available() > 0) {
      Command = Serial.readString(); //read string from serial monitor
      cmdindexval = Command.indexOf('='); //read characters until '=' then assign the value
      CommandType = Command.substring(0, cmdindexval); //assign the value from 0 to cmdindexval
      //Series = Command.substring(0, 1); //read first character
      CommandValue = Command.substring(cmdindexval + 1).toInt(); //assign the value after '=' and convert string to Int
      Serial.println(CommandType + " ,is equal to " + CommandValue + " ,Series: " + Series);    
      //if (Series == "A") {
        if (CommandType == "ACledRed"){
          AledRed = CommandValue;
        }
       else if (CommandType == "ACledGreen"){
          AledGreen = CommandValue;
        }
        else if (CommandType == "ACledRedBlue") {
          AledBlue = CommandValue;
        }
      //}
      //else if (Series == "B") {
        if (CommandType == "BCledRed") {
          BledRed = CommandValue;
        }
        else if (CommandType == "BCledGreen") {
          BledGreen = CommandValue;
        }
        else if (CommandType == "BCledBlue") {
          BledBlue = CommandValue;
        }
     //}
    } //end serial

    analogWrite(AledRedPin, AledRed);
    analogWrite(AledGreenPin, AledGreen);
    analogWrite(AledBluePin, AledBlue);

    analogWrite(BledRedPin, BledRed);
    analogWrite(BledGreenPin, BledGreen);
    analogWrite(BledBluePin, BledBlue);

}

Answer 1

来自 Arduino docs on readString :

Serial.readString() reads characters from the serial buffer into a string. The function terminates if it times out (see setTimeout()).

和 docs on setTimeout :

Serial.setTimeout() sets the maximum milliseconds to wait for serial data when using Serial.readBytesUntil(), Serial.readBytes(), Serial.parseInt() or Serial.parseFloat(). It defaults to 1000 milliseconds.

这意味着readString始终等待1秒以确保字符串的发送完成并具有完整的字符串。
不幸的是，这意味着它的响应速度很慢。您可以使用 setTimeout 降低超时，但仍然会有一些延迟，或者如果您将其设置得太低，则可能会出现不完整的刺痛。

最好的解决方案是使用 readStringUntil ，因此当您获得终止符(如换行符)时，您就知道您有一个完整的字符串。

替换

Command = Serial.readString();

与

Command = Serial.readStringUntil('\n');

并确保设置串行监视器，以便发送换行符。