java - 由于缺少库，从命令行运行可执行 jar 失败

Question

我使用以下构建配置从 Maven 创建了一个可执行 jar:

<plugins>
  <plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>3.2</version>
    <configuration>
      <source>1.8</source>
      <target>1.8</target>
    </configuration>
  </plugin>
  <plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <id>copy-dependencies</id>
            <phase>prepare-package</phase>
            <goals>
                <goal>copy-dependencies</goal>
            </goals>
            <configuration>
              <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/${project.build.targetName}/lib</outputDirectory>
                <overWriteReleases>false</overWriteReleases>
                <overWriteSnapshots>false</overWriteSnapshots>
                <overWriteIfNewer>true</overWriteIfNewer>
                <excludeScope>test</excludeScope>
                <includeScope>compile</includeScope>
            </configuration>
        </execution>
    </executions>
  </plugin>
  <plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
    <configuration>
        <archive>
            <manifest>
                <addClasspath>true</addClasspath>
                <classpathPrefix>lib/</classpathPrefix>
                <packageName>${project.build.packageName}</packageName>
                <mainClass>${project.build.packageName}.${project.build.className}</mainClass>
            </manifest>
            <manifestEntries>
                <Class-Path>.</Class-Path>
            </manifestEntries>
        </archive>
        <finalName>${project.build.targetName}/${project.build.targetName}</finalName>
    </configuration>
  </plugin>

生成了以下文件:

./lib/axis-2878297.jar
./lib/axis-wsdl4j-1.5.1.jar
./lib/(other dependencies jars)
./target.jar

1.如果我以这种方式从命令行运行这个 jar:

java -jar target.jar

它产生异常:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/wsdl/OperationType
        at org.apache.axis.description.OperationDesc.<clinit>(OperationDesc.java:59)
        ...

2.如果我以其他方式运行它:

java -cp "target.jar;lib\*" com.test.Main

执行将会成功。

P.S. 我尝试将 -verbose:class 添加到命令中。

对于案例 1，它显示:

[Loaded org.apache.axis.description.OperationDesc from file:/C:/build/lib/axis-2878297.jar]
[Loaded java.lang.Throwable$PrintStreamOrWriter from C:\Program Files\Java\jre1.8.0_74\lib\rt.jar]
[...]

对于案例 2，它显示:

[Loaded org.apache.axis.description.OperationDesc from file:/C:/build/lib/axis-2878297.jar]
[Loaded javax.wsdl.OperationType from file:/C:/build/lib/axis-wsdl4j-1.5.1.jar]
[...]

案例1失败的原因是什么？

谢谢。

Answer 1

好的，我知道原因了:

在 pom.xml 中，我将 axis-wsdl4j 的范围设置为“provided”，这表明我希望 JDK 或容器在运行时提供依赖项。因此，当maven编写manifest.mf时，它会跳过这个依赖关系。

感谢您的所有回答和帮助。

<dependency>
    <groupId>axis</groupId>
    <artifactId>axis-wsdl4j</artifactId>
    <version>1.5.1</version>
    <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>