macos - iosnoop、iotop、opensnoop、execsnoop、opensnoop、dtruss 和其他基于 dtrace 的命令不适用于 osx El Capitan、macOS Sierra

Question

在 OSX 10.11.1 上运行 iosnoop 命令时，出现以下文本错误:

dtrace: invalid probe specifier
 /*
  * Command line arguments
  */
 inline int OPT_dump    = 0;
 inline int OPT_device  = 0;
 inline int OPT_delta   = 0;
 inline int OPT_devname = 0;
 inline int OPT_file    = 0;
 inline int OPT_args    = 0;
 inline int OPT_ins     = 0;
 inline int OPT_nums    = 0;
 inline int OPT_dtime   = 0;
 inline int OPT_mount   = 0;
 inline int OPT_start   = 0;
 inline int OPT_pid     = 0;
 inline int OPT_name    = 0;
 inline int OPT_end     = 0;
 inline int OPT_endstr  = 0;
 inline int FILTER  = 0;
 inline int PID     = 0;
 inline string DEVICE   = ".";
 inline string FILENAME = ".";
 inline string MOUNT    = ".";
 inline string NAME     = ".";

 #pragma D option quiet
 #pragma D option switchrate=10hz

 /*
  * Print header
  */
 dtrace:::BEGIN
 {
    last_event[""] = 0;

    /* print optional headers */
    OPT_start   ? printf("%-14s ","STIME")   : 1;
    OPT_end     ? printf("%-14s ","TIME")    : 1;
    OPT_endstr  ? printf("%-20s ","STRTIME") : 1;
    OPT_devname ? printf("%-7s ","DEVICE")   : 1;
    OPT_ins     ? printf("%-3s ","INS")      : 1;
    OPT_nums    ? printf("%-3s %-3s ","MAJ","MIN") : 1;
    OPT_delta   ? printf("%-10s ","DELTA")   : 1;
    OPT_dtime   ? printf("%-10s ","DTIME")   : 1;

    /* print main headers */
    OPT_dump ?
        printf("%s %s %s %s %s %s %s %s %s %s %s %s %s %s %s %s %s %s\n",
        "TIME", "STIME", "DELTA", "DEVICE", "INS", "MAJ", "MIN", "UID",
        "PID", "PPID", "D", "BLOCK", "SIZE", "MOUNT", "FILE", "PATH",
        "COMM","ARGS") :
        printf("%5s %5s %1s %8s %6s ", "UID", "PID", "D", "BLOCK", "SIZE");
    OPT_args == 0 ? printf("%10s %s\n", "COMM", "PATHNAME") : 1;
    OPT_args == 1 ? printf("%28s %s\n", "PATHNAME", "ARGS") : 1;
 }

 /*
  * Check event is being traced
  */
 io:::start
 {
    /* default is to trace unless filtering, */
    self->ok = FILTER ? 0 : 1;

    /* check each filter, */
    (OPT_device == 1 && DEVICE == args[1]->dev_statname)? self->ok = 1 : 1;
    (OPT_file == 1 && FILENAME == args[2]->fi_pathname) ? self->ok = 1 : 1;
    (OPT_mount == 1 && MOUNT == args[2]->fi_mount) ? self->ok = 1 : 1;
    (OPT_name == 1 && NAME == strstr(NAME, execname)) ? self->ok = 1 : 1;
    (OPT_name == 1 && execname == strstr(execname, NAME)) ? self->ok = 1 : 1;
    (OPT_pid == 1 && PID == pid) ? self->ok = 1 : 1;
 }

 /*
  * Reset last_event for disk idle -> start
  * this prevents idle time being counted as disk time.
  */
 io:::start
 /! pending[args[1]->dev_statname]/
 {
    /* save last disk event */
    last_event[args[1]->dev_statname] = timestamp;
 }

 /*
  * Store entry details
  */
 io:::start
 /self->ok/
 {
    /* these are used as a unique disk event key, */
    this->dev = args[0]->b_edev;
    this->blk = args[0]->b_blkno;

    /* save disk event details, */
    start_uid[this->dev, this->blk] = (int)uid;
    start_pid[this->dev, this->blk] = pid;
    start_ppid[this->dev, this->blk] = ppid;
    start_args[this->dev, this->blk] = (char *)curpsinfo->pr_psargs;
    start_comm[this->dev, this->blk] = execname;
    start_time[this->dev, this->blk] = timestamp;

    /* increase disk event pending count */
    pending[args[1]->dev_statname]++;

    self->ok = 0;
 }

 /*
  * Process and Print completion
  */
 io:::done
 /start_time[args[0]->b_edev, args[0]->b_blkno]/
 {
    /* decrease disk event pending count */
    pending[args[1]->dev_statname]--;

    /*
     * Process details
     */

    /* fetch entry values */
    this->dev = args[0]->b_edev;
    this->blk = args[0]->b_blkno;
    this->suid = start_uid[this->dev, this->blk];
    this->spid = start_pid[this->dev, this->blk];
    this->sppid = start_ppid[this->dev, this->blk];
    self->sargs = (int)start_args[this->dev, this->blk] == 0 ?
        "" : start_args[this->dev, this->blk];
    self->scomm = start_comm[this->dev, this->blk];
    this->stime = start_time[this->dev, this->blk];
    this->etime = timestamp; /* endtime */
    this->delta = this->etime - this->stime;
    this->dtime = last_event[args[1]->dev_statname] == 0 ? 0 :
        timestamp - last_event[args[1]->dev_statname];

    /* memory cleanup */
    start_uid[this->dev, this->blk]  = 0;
    start_pid[this->dev, this->blk]  = 0;
    start_ppid[this->dev, this->blk] = 0;
    start_args[this->dev, this->blk] = 0;
    start_time[this->dev, this->blk] = 0;
    start_comm[this->dev, this->blk] = 0;
    start_rw[this->dev, this->blk]   = 0;

    /*
     * Print details
     */

    /* print optional fields */
    OPT_start   ? printf("%-14d ", this->stime/1000) : 1;
    OPT_end     ? printf("%-14d ", this->etime/1000) : 1;
    OPT_endstr  ? printf("%-20Y ", walltimestamp) : 1;
    OPT_devname ? printf("%-7s ", args[1]->dev_statname) : 1;
    OPT_ins     ? printf("%3d ", args[1]->dev_instance) : 1;
    OPT_nums    ? printf("%3d %3d ",
        args[1]->dev_major, args[1]->dev_minor) : 1;
    OPT_delta   ? printf("%-10d ", this->delta/1000) : 1;
    OPT_dtime   ? printf("%-10d ", this->dtime/1000) : 1;

    /* print main fields */
    OPT_dump ?
        printf("%d %d %d %s %d %d %d %d %d %d %s %d %d %s %s %s %s %S\n",
        this->etime/1000, this->stime/1000, this->delta/1000,
        args[1]->dev_statname, args[1]->dev_instance, args[1]->dev_major,
        args[1]->dev_minor, this->suid, this->spid, this->sppid,
        args[0]->b_flags & B_READ ? "R" : "W",
        args[0]->b_blkno, args[0]->b_bcount, args[2]->fi_mount,
        args[2]->fi_name, args[2]->fi_pathname, self->scomm, self->sargs) :
        printf("%5d %5d %1s %8d %6d ",
        this->suid, this->spid, args[0]->b_flags & B_READ ? "R" : "W",
        args[0]->b_blkno, args[0]->b_bcount);
    OPT_args == 0 ? printf("%10s %s\n", self->scomm, args[2]->fi_pathname)
        : 1;
    OPT_args == 1 ? printf("%28s %S\n",
        args[2]->fi_pathname, self->sargs) : 1;

    /* save last disk event */
    last_event[args[1]->dev_statname] = timestamp;

    /* cleanup */
    self->scomm = 0;
    self->sargs = 0;
 }

 /*
  * Prevent pending from underflowing
  * this can happen if this program is started during disk events.
  */
 io:::done
 /pending[args[1]->dev_statname] < 0/
 {
    pending[args[1]->dev_statname] = 0;
 }
: probe description io:::start does not match any probes

在两台运行相同版本 OSX 的机器上进行测试并得到相同的错误。还在 10.10 上进行了测试，它可以正常工作。

Answer 1

iosnoop 依赖于 dtrace 子系统。来自:http://jimtechstuff.blogspot.com/2015/10/dtrace-broken-under-el-capitan.html

<小时/>

Dtrace 在 El Capitan 下被破坏

我在调试中经常使用的工具之一是“dtrace”以及使用它的各种实用程序。例如open snoop、iotop 和一些我自己写的。

使用 El Capitan 的 GA，dtrace 无法跟踪驻留在系统目录中的任何实用程序，这是一个问题。我想看看照片应用程序正在使用什么开放系统调用，并遇到了这个。

我知道我可以使用其他一些 Mac 实用程序(fs_usage、sc_usage 等)，但我在这里展示了我的 Solaris 根，并且我仍然想使用 dtrace。

幸运的是，似乎有一种启用 dtrace 的方法:

Reboot the mac
Hold ⌘R during reboot
From the Utilities menu, run Terminal
Enter the following command
csrutil enable --without dtrace

请注意，这样做时我收到以下警告:

这是不受支持的配置，将来可能会出现故障并使您的计算机处于未知状态。

我现在就接受它。

<小时/>

(我想对 Ara Yeressian 的大部分正确答案添加评论，但以我目前的低声誉，stackoverflow 不允许我这样做)