java spring单元测试失败，无法加载ApplicationContext

Question

我正在尝试在我的应用程序中进行单元测试，以测试服务层上的方法。

我有以下类(class)。

AbstractTest.java

import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

import com.equadis.webapp.controller.UserController;

//inform spring which class to use when executing unit test
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)

@SpringBootTest(classes=UserController.class)
public abstract class AbstractTest {
    protected Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass());


}

和

扩展 AbstractTest 的 UserServiceTest.java

import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

import com.equadis.webapp.DAO.UserDAO;
import com.equadis.webapp.entity.UserVO;
import com.equadis.webapp.test.AbstractTest;



@Transactional
public class UserServiceTest extends AbstractTest {

    @Autowired
    private UserService service;


    @Before
    public void setup(){
        service = new UserService();
    }

    @After
    public void tearDown(){
        //clean up after each test method
    }


    @Test
    public void getListByID() {
        UserVO user = service.getListByID(1);
        System.out.println(user);
        Assert.assertNotNull("failure - expected not null", user);
        Assert.assertEquals("failure - expected id", 1, user.getId());
    }

}

注意到 Abstract.java 类中

@SpringApplicationConfiguration(classes = Application.class)

被替换为

@SpringBootTest(classes=UserController.class)

因此，当我运行单元测试时，我收到以下错误:

堆栈跟踪:

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContext.getApplicationContext(TestContext.java:201)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:109)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:75)
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:255)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:111)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.invokeTestMethod(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:148)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.JUnit4ClassRunner.runMethods(JUnit4ClassRunner.java:51)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.JUnit4ClassRunner$1.run(JUnit4ClassRunner.java:44)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.ClassRoadie.runUnprotected(ClassRoadie.java:27)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.ClassRoadie.runProtected(ClassRoadie.java:37)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.JUnit4ClassRunner.run(JUnit4ClassRunner.java:42)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:97)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:86)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:459)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:678)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:382)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:192)
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Can not build an ApplicationContext with a NULL 'contextLoader'. Consider annotating your test class with @ContextConfiguration.
    at org.springframework.util.Assert.notNull(Assert.java:115)
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContext.loadApplicationContext(TestContext.java:169)
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContext.getApplicationContext(TestContext.java:197)
    ... 17 more

对此有什么帮助吗？

Answer 1

classes @SpringBootTest 中的字段是您告诉应用程序主要应用程序配置所在的位置。它不是您指定测试类的地方。应该是这样的

@SpringBootTest(classes=Application.class)

此外，我认为您使用的是旧版本的 Spring boot。我认为在 1.4/1.5 中他们将测试类移至，

@Runwith(SpringRunner.class)