Java 线程 - 按顺序调用线程

Question

我希望线程按顺序打印出它们的名称。输出应如下所示:线程0
线程1
线程2
线程 3
线程 4
线程 5
线程1
线程2
线程 3

public class NameOutput extends Thread {
    static final int N = 5;
    static int activeThread = 0;

    public static void main(String[] args){

        for (int i = 1; i <= N; i++) {
            new NameOutput().start();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void run(){
        while(true){
            this.printThreadName();
        }

    }
    private synchronized void printThreadName(){
        String threadName = "Thread-"+ activeThread;
        //Check if thread is in the right order
        if(!threadName.equals(this.getName())){
            try{
                wait();
            }catch (InterruptedException e){
                System.out.println(this.getName()+" was interrupted!");
            }
        }else{
            System.out.println(this.getName());
            activeThread = (activeThread + 1) % N;
            notifyAll();
        }
    }
}

不知何故，输出是如果首先选择 Thread-0，则仅选择 Thread-0。第一个线程等待后程序停止。

Answer 1

问题是您创建了多个 NameOutput，并且它们使用 their own monitor lock ，这意味着它们之间不会有“通信”(信号)。

相反，您需要一个共享监视器锁:

public class NameOutput extends Thread {
    static final int N = 5;
    static int activeThread = 0;
    static final Object lock = new Object(); // shared monitor lock

    public static void main(String[] args){

        for (int i = 1; i <= N; i++) {
            new NameOutput().start();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void run(){
        while(true){
            this.printThreadName();
        }

    }
    private void printThreadName(){
        synchronized (lock) {
            String threadName = "Thread-"+ activeThread;
            //Check if thread is in the right order
            if(!threadName.equals(this.getName())){
                try{
                    lock.wait();
                }catch (InterruptedException e){
                    System.out.println(this.getName()+" was interrupted!");
                }
            }else{
                System.out.println(this.getName());
                activeThread = (activeThread + 1) % N;
                lock.notifyAll();
            }
        }
    }
}

<小时/>

另一个问题，等等 should总是在 while 循环中使用，你可以多做一点:

private void printThreadName(){
    synchronized (lock) {
        while (!("Thread-"+ activeThread).equals(this.getName())) {
            try{
                lock.wait();
            }catch (InterruptedException e){
                System.out.println(this.getName()+" was interrupted!");
            }
        }
        System.out.println(this.getName());
        activeThread = (activeThread + 1) % N;
        lock.notifyAll();
    }
}

<小时/>

输出:

Thread-0
Thread-1
Thread-2
Thread-3
Thread-4
Thread-0
Thread-1
Thread-2
Thread-3