r - 了解 ddply 错误消息 - 缺少参数 "by"，没有默认值

Question

我试图找出为什么在使用 ddply 时收到错误消息。

示例数据:

data<-data.frame(area=rep(c("VA","OC","ES"),each=4),
    sex=rep(c("Male","Female"),each=2,times=3),
    year=rep(c(2009,2010),times=6),
    bin=c(110,120,125,125,110,130,125,80,90,90,80,140),
    shell_length=c(.4,4,1,2,.2,5,.4,4,.8,4,.3,4))

bin7<-ddply(data, .(area,year,sex,bin), summarize,n_bin=length(shell_length))

错误信息:.fun(piece, ...) 中的错误:缺少参数“by”，没有默认值

我昨天收到此错误消息。我重新启动 R 并重新运行代码，一切都很好。今天早上我再次收到错误消息，重新启动 R 并没有解决问题。

我还尝试运行一些示例 code并收到相同的错误消息。

  # Summarize a dataset by two variables
require(plyr)
dfx <- data.frame(
  group = c(rep('A', 8), rep('B', 15), rep('C', 6)),
  sex = sample(c("M", "F"), size = 29, replace = TRUE),
  age = runif(n = 29, min = 18, max = 54)
)

# Note the use of the '.' function to allow
# group and sex to be used without quoting
ddply(dfx, .(group, sex), summarize,
 mean = round(mean(age), 2),
 sd = round(sd(age), 2))

R信息

R version 3.2.1 (2015-06-18)
Platform: i386-w64-mingw32/i386 (32-bit)
Running under: Windows 7 x64 (build 7601) Service Pack 1

locale:
[1] LC_COLLATE=English_United States.1252 
[2] LC_CTYPE=English_United States.1252   
[3] LC_MONETARY=English_United States.1252
[4] LC_NUMERIC=C                          
[5] LC_TIME=English_United States.1252    

attached base packages:
[1] grid      stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets 
[7] methods   base     

other attached packages:
 [1] Hmisc_3.17-0        ggplot2_1.0.1       Formula_1.2-1      
 [4] survival_2.38-1     car_2.0-26          MASS_7.3-40        
 [7] xlsx_0.5.7          xlsxjars_0.6.1      rJava_0.9-7        
[10] plyr_1.8.3          latticeExtra_0.6-26 RColorBrewer_1.1-2 
[13] lattice_0.20-31  

如果有人可以解释为什么会发生这种情况，我将不胜感激。

谢谢

Answer 1

正如 Narendra 对问题的评论中所述，此错误可能是由于加载具有名为 summarize(或 summarise)的函数的其他软件包而导致的，该函数无法正常工作plyr 中的函数。例如:

library(plyr)
library(Hmisc)

ddply(iris, "Species", summarize, mean_sepal_length = mean(Sepal.Length))
#> Error in .fun(piece, ...) : argument "by" is missing, with no default

一种解决方案是使用 :: 和正确的命名空间调用正确的函数:

ddply(iris, "Species", plyr::summarize, mean_sepal_length = mean(Sepal.Length))
#> Species mean_sepal_length
#> 1     setosa             5.006
#> 2 versicolor             5.936
#> 3  virginica             6.588

或者，可以分离具有错误功能的包:

detach(package:Hmisc)
ddply(iris, "Species", summarize, mean_sepal_length = mean(Sepal.Length))
#> Species mean_sepal_length
#> 1     setosa             5.006
#> 2 versicolor             5.936
#> 3  virginica             6.588

最后，如果需要这两个包并且不想打扰 ::，可以按另一种顺序加载它们:

library(Hmisc)
library(plyr)

ddply(iris, "Species", summarize, mean_sepal_length = mean(Sepal.Length))
#> Species mean_sepal_length
#> 1     setosa             5.006
#> 2 versicolor             5.936
#> 3  virginica             6.588