java - 在静态环境中引用非静态数组列表？

Question

我大约一个月前才开始学习Java，现在遇到了“无法从静态上下文引用非静态变量studentList”的问题。我正在尝试使用与 main 不同的方法来填充学生列表，而不是从 addStudent 为每个学生复制粘贴内容；但我无法获取写入 ArrayList 的方法。 (错误:(14, 27)java:无法从静态上下文引用非静态变量studentList)。我知道数组不是静态的，因为它的大小未定义，但我怎样才能让它按原样工作呢？有没有更好的方法？我可以让数组成为 main 方法的一部分，然后将其传递给 addStudent，如果可以的话如何？

import java.util.ArrayList;

public class Main {
    ArrayList<Student> studentList = new ArrayList<>();

    public static void main(String []args) {
        addStudent("Adam", "Goldsmith", 70, 50);
        addStudent("John", "Smith", 20, 40);
        addStudent("Lewis", "Peterson", 90, 85);

        for (Student obj: studentList){
            System.out.println("Name: " + obj.studentForename + " "+ obj.studentSurname);
        }
    }

    public static void addStudent(String forename, String surname, int coursework, int test) {
        Student newStudent = new Student(forename, surname);
        newStudent.setForename(forename);
        newStudent.setSurname(surname);
        newStudent.averageMark(70, 65);

        studentList.add(newStudent);
    }

}

和我的“学生”类:

public class Student {
    String studentForename;
    String studentSurname;

    public Student(String studentForename, String studentSurname) {
        setForename(studentForename);
        setSurname(studentSurname);
    }

    // Set forename.
    public void setForename(String newForename) {studentForename = newForename;}

    // Set surname.
    public void setSurname(String newSurname) {studentSurname = newSurname;}

    //
    public double averageMark(int courseworkMark, int testMark){
        return (courseworkMark+testMark)/2;
    }

    // Grab the forename
    public String grabForename(){
        return studentForename;
    }

    // Grab the surname
    public String grabSurname(){
        return studentSurname;
    }

    // Grab the full name
    public String grabFullName(){
        return studentForename + "" + studentSurname;
    }
}

Answer 1

您的代码应该如下所示，尤其是使用 java encapsulation 的 Student 类

public class Student {

   private String studentForename;
   private String studentSurname;
   private int courseworkMark;
   private int testMark;

    public Student(String studentForename, String studentSurname, int courseworkMark, int testMark) {
        this.studentForename = studentForename;
        this.studentSurname = studentSurname;
        this.courseworkMark = courseworkMark;
        this.testMark = testMark;
    }   
    public void setStudentForename(String studentForename) {
        this.studentForename = studentForename;
    }
    public String getStudentSurname() {
        return studentSurname;
    }
    public void setStudentSurname(String studentSurname) {
        this.studentSurname = studentSurname;
    }
    public String getStudentForename() {
        return studentForename;
    }  
    public double averageMark(){
        return (this.courseworkMark + this.testMark)/2;
    }
    public String grabFullName(){
        return studentForename + " " + studentSurname;
    }
}

然后通过您的主类进行测试:

public class Main {    
    public static void main(String []args) {
        ArrayList<Student> studentList = new ArrayList<>();
        studentList.add(new Student("Adam", "Goldsmith", 70, 50));
        studentList.add(new Student("John", "Smith", 20, 40));
        studentList.add(new Student("Lewis", "Peterson", 90, 85));

        for (Student obj: studentList){
            System.out.println("Name: " + obj.getStudentForename() + " "+ obj.getStudentSurname());
        }
    }
}