r - R中的knitr安装，错误

Question

我正在与 knitr 再战一天安装，我无法提供新的解决方案。最后我删除了knitr并尝试再次安装。下面是整个过程的控制台，有什么问题？？？？每次启动 R Studio 并安装新软件包时，都会出现错误消息(见下文)。

 R version 3.1.2 (2014-10-31) -- "Pumpkin Helmet"
    Copyright (C) 2014 The R Foundation for Statistical Computing
    Platform: i386-w64-mingw32/i386 (32-bit)

    R is free software and comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
    You are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions.
    Type 'license()' or 'licence()' for distribution details.

    R is a collaborative project with many contributors.
    Type 'contributors()' for more information and
    'citation()' on how to cite R or R packages in publications.

    Type 'demo()' for some demos, 'help()' for on-line help, or
    'help.start()' for an HTML browser interface to help.
    Type 'q()' to quit R.

    [Workspace loaded from ~/2016/KNUTSTORP/.RData]

    > install.packages("knitr")
    Installing package into ‘\\xxxxx.xxxxx/users/Eke/mali/Documents/R/win-library/3.1’
    (as ‘lib’ is unspecified)
    also installing the dependencies ‘mime’, ‘stringi’, ‘magrittr’, ‘evaluate’, ‘digest’, ‘formatR’, ‘highr’, ‘markdown’, ‘stringr’, ‘yaml’

    trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/windows/contrib/3.1/mime_0.4.zip'
    Content type 'application/zip' length 37255 bytes (36 Kb)
    opened URL
    downloaded 36 Kb

    trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/windows/contrib/3.1/stringi_1.0-1.zip'
    Content type 'application/zip' length 14266706 bytes (13.6 Mb)
    opened URL
    downloaded 13.6 Mb

    trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/windows/contrib/3.1/magrittr_1.5.zip'
    Content type 'application/zip' length 152098 bytes (148 Kb)
    opened URL
    downloaded 148 Kb

    trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/windows/contrib/3.1/evaluate_0.9.zip'
    Content type 'application/zip' length 42030 bytes (41 Kb)
    opened URL
    downloaded 41 Kb

    trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/windows/contrib/3.1/digest_0.6.9.zip'
    Content type 'application/zip' length 171597 bytes (167 Kb)
    opened URL
    downloaded 167 Kb

    trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/windows/contrib/3.1/formatR_1.3.zip'
    Content type 'application/zip' length 52426 bytes (51 Kb)
    opened URL
    downloaded 51 Kb

    trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/windows/contrib/3.1/highr_0.5.1.zip'
    Content type 'application/zip' length 35546 bytes (34 Kb)
    opened URL
    downloaded 34 Kb

    trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/windows/contrib/3.1/markdown_0.7.7.zip'
    Content type 'application/zip' length 165447 bytes (161 Kb)
    opened URL
    downloaded 161 Kb

    trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/windows/contrib/3.1/stringr_1.0.0.zip'
    Content type 'application/zip' length 83256 bytes (81 Kb)
    opened URL
    downloaded 81 Kb

    trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/windows/contrib/3.1/yaml_2.1.13.zip'
    Content type 'application/zip' length 180080 bytes (175 Kb)
    opened URL
    downloaded 175 Kb

    trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/windows/contrib/3.1/knitr_1.12.3.zip'
    Content type 'application/zip' length 811552 bytes (792 Kb)
    opened URL
    downloaded 792 Kb

    package ‘mime’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
    package ‘stringi’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
    package ‘magrittr’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
    package ‘evaluate’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
    package ‘digest’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
    package ‘formatR’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
    package ‘highr’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
    package ‘markdown’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
    package ‘stringr’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
    package ‘yaml’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
    package ‘knitr’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked

    The downloaded binary packages are in
        C:\Users\mali\AppData\Local\Temp\RtmpwHvHGn\downloaded_packages
    Error: invalid version specification ‘NA’
    In addition: Warning message:
    In utils:::packageDescription(packageName, fields = "Version") :
      no package 'knitr' was found

version 的输出

> version

platform       i386-w64-mingw32            
arch           i386                        
os             mingw32                     
system         i386, mingw32               
status                                     
major          3                           
minor          1.2                         
year           2014                        
month          10                          
day            31                          
svn rev        66913                       
language       R                           
version.string R version 3.1.2 (2014-10-31)
nickname       Pumpkin Helmet 

正如建议的那样，我打开了新 session 。但是错误仍然是一样的。我测试了其他几个包，它们工作正常(即 nlme、lme4)

Type 'demo()' for some demos, 'help()' for on-line help, or
'help.start()' for an HTML browser interface to help.
Type 'q()' to quit R.

Error: invalid version specification ‘NA’
In addition: Warning message:
In utils:::packageDescription(packageName, fields = "Version") :
  no package 'knitr' was found
[Workspace loaded from ~/R/TESTER/.RData]

更奇怪的是 knitr以某种方式安装

Error: invalid version specification ‘NA’
In addition: Warning message:
In utils:::packageDescription(packageName, fields = "Version") :
  no package 'knitr' was found
[Workspace loaded from ~/R/TESTER/.RData]

> library(knitr)

library 加载时不会报错表彰

当我安装 knitr在 Rstudio 中比我得到这样的评论

Installing packages into '\\xxx.xx/users/Eke/mali/Documents/R/win-library/3.3'
(as 'lib' is unspecified)
also installing the dependencies 'mime', 'stringi', 'magrittr', 'Rcpp'

trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/windows/contrib/3.3/mime_0.4.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 37402 bytes (36 KB)
==================================================
downloaded 36 KB

trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/windows/contrib/3.3/stringi_1.0-1.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 14302873 bytes (13.6 MB)
==================================================
downloaded 13.6 MB

trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/windows/contrib/3.3/magrittr_1.5.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 149726 bytes (146 KB)
==================================================
downloaded 146 KB

trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/windows/contrib/3.3/Rcpp_0.12.4.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 3249212 bytes (3.1 MB)==================================================
downloaded 3.1 MB

trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/windows/contrib/3.3/evaluate_0.9.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 41981 bytes (40 KB)
==================================================
downloaded 40 KB

trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/windows/contrib/3.3/digest_0.6.9.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 169286 bytes (165 KB)
==================================================
downloaded 165 KB

trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/windows/contrib/3.3/formatR_1.3.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 52656 bytes (51 KB)
==================================================
downloaded 51 KB

trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/windows/contrib/3.3/highr_0.5.1.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 35637 bytes (34 KB)
==================================================
downloaded 34 KB

trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/windows/contrib/3.3/markdown_0.7.7.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 167151 bytes (163 KB)==================================================
downloaded 163 KB

trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/windows/contrib/3.3/stringr_1.0.0.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 83315 bytes (81 KB)
==================================================
downloaded 81 KB

trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/windows/contrib/3.3/yaml_2.1.13.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 175748 bytes (171 KB)
==================================================
downloaded 171 KB

trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/windows/contrib/3.3/htmltools_0.3.5.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 571964 bytes (558 KB)==================================================
downloaded 558 KB

trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/windows/contrib/3.3/caTools_1.17.1.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 287027 bytes (280 KB)==================================================
downloaded 280 KB

trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/windows/contrib/3.3/bitops_1.0-6.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 36372 bytes (35 KB)
==================================================
downloaded 35 KB

package 'mime' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
package 'stringi' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
package 'magrittr' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
package 'Rcpp' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
package 'evaluate' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
package 'digest' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
package 'formatR' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
package 'highr' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
package 'markdown' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
package 'stringr' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
package 'yaml' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
package 'htmltools' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
package 'caTools' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
package 'bitops' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked

The downloaded binary packages are in
    C:\Users\mali\AppData\Local\Temp\RtmpeK2q5y\downloaded_packages
Installing packages into '\\xxxxx.xxxx/users/Eke/mali/Documents/R/win-library/3.3'
(as 'lib' is unspecified)
also installing the dependencies 'mime', 'stringi', 'magrittr', 'Rcpp', 'bitops', 'evaluate', 'digest', 'formatR', 'highr', 'markdown', 'stringr', 'yaml', 'htmltools', 'caTools'

trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/mime_0.4.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 12545 bytes (12 KB)
==================================================
downloaded 12 KB

trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/stringi_1.0-1.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 3643002 bytes (3.5 MB)==================================================
downloaded 3.5 MB

trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/magrittr_1.5.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 200504 bytes (195 KB)==================================================
downloaded 195 KB

trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/Rcpp_0.12.4.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 2402065 bytes (2.3 MB)==================================================
downloaded 2.3 MB

trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/bitops_1.0-6.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 8734 bytes
==================================================
downloaded 8734 bytes

trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/evaluate_0.9.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 19165 bytes (18 KB)
==================================================
downloaded 18 KB

trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/digest_0.6.9.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 116746 bytes (114 KB)
==================================================
downloaded 114 KB

trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/formatR_1.3.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 28139 bytes (27 KB)==================================================
downloaded 27 KB

trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/highr_0.5.1.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 16744 bytes (16 KB)
==================================================
downloaded 16 KB

trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/markdown_0.7.7.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 79427 bytes (77 KB)==================================================
downloaded 77 KB

trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/stringr_1.0.0.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 34880 bytes (34 KB)
==================================================
downloaded 34 KB

trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/yaml_2.1.13.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 81045 bytes (79 KB)
==================================================
downloaded 79 KB

trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/htmltools_0.3.5.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 44048 bytes (43 KB)
==================================================
downloaded 43 KB

trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/caTools_1.17.1.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 63358 bytes (61 KB)
==================================================
downloaded 61 KB

trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/knitr_1.12.3.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 830827 bytes (811 KB)==================================================
downloaded 811 KB

trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/rmarkdown_0.9.6.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 2013956 bytes (1.9 MB)==================================================
downloaded 1.9 MB

'\\xxxx.xxx\users\Eke\mali\Documents\R\TESTER'
CMD.EXE was started with the above path as the current directory.
UNC paths are not supported.  Defaulting to Windows directory.
* installing *source* package 'mime' ...
** package 'mime' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
** libs

*** arch - i386
Warning: running command 'make -f "C:/PROGRA~1/R/R-33~1.0/etc/i386/Makeconf" -f "C:/PROGRA~1/R/R-33~1.0/share/make/winshlib.mk" SHLIB="mime.dll" OBJECTS="rawmatch.o"' had status 127
ERROR: compilation failed for package 'mime'
* removing '\\xxxx-xxx/users/Eke/mali/Documents/R/win-library/3.3/mime'
* restoring previous '\\xxxx.xxxx/users/Eke/mali/Documents/R/win-library/3.3/mime'
'\\xxxxx.xxxx\users\Eke\mali\Documents\R\TESTER'
CMD.EXE was started with the above path as the current directory.
UNC paths are not supported.  Defaulting to Windows directory.
* installing *source* package 'stringi' ...
** package 'stringi' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
Warning: running command 'sh ./configure.win' had status 127
ERROR: configuration failed for package 'stringi'
* removing '\\xxxxxxx.xxxx/users/Eke/mali/Documents/R/win-library/3.3/stringi'
* restoring previous '\\xxxxx.xxxx/users/Eke/mali/Documents/R/win-library/3.3/stringi'
'\\xxxxx.xxxxxxx\users\Eke\mali\Documents\R\TESTER'
CMD.EXE was started with the above path as the current directory.
UNC paths are not supported.  Defaulting to Windows directory.
* installing *source* package 'magrittr' ...
** package 'magrittr' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
** R
** inst
** byte-compile and prepare package for lazy loading
** help
*** installing help indices
** building package indices
** installing vignettes
Warning in file(con, "w") :
  cannot open file '\\xxxxx.xxxxxx/users/Eke/mali/Documents/R/win-library/3.3/magrittr/doc/index.html': No such file or directory
Error in file(con, "w") : cannot open the connection
ERROR: installing vignettes failed
* removing '\\xxxxx.xxxxx/users/Eke/mali/Documents/R/win-library/3.3/magrittr'
* restoring previous '\\xxxxx.xxxxxx/users/Eke/mali/Documents/R/win-library/3.3/magrittr'
'\\xxxxxx.xxxxxx\users\Eke\mali\Documents\R\TESTER'
CMD.EXE was started with the above path as the current directory.
UNC paths are not supported.  Defaulting to Windows directory.
* installing *source* package 'Rcpp' ...
** package 'Rcpp' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked

我遵循@Richie_Cotton 的提议但没有成功

> .libPaths()
[1] "\\\\xxxxx.xxx/users/Eke/mali/Documents/R/win-library/3.3" "C:/Program Files/R/R-3.3.0/library"                         
> .libPaths("\\\\xxxxxx.xxx/users/Eke/mali/Documents/R/win-library/new")
> .libPaths()
[1] "\\\\xxxxxx.xxx/users/Eke/mali/Documents/R/win-library/new" "C:/Program Files/R/R-3.3.0/library"                         
> install.packages("knitr", dependencies = F)
Installing package into ‘\\xxxxxx.xxx/users/Eke/mali/Documents/R/win-library/new’
(as ‘lib’ is unspecified)
trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/windows/contrib/3.3/knitr_1.12.3.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 812072 bytes (793 KB)
downloaded 793 KB

package ‘knitr’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked

The downloaded binary packages are in
    C:\Users\mali\AppData\Local\Temp\RtmpmwdUSv\downloaded_packages
Error: invalid version specification ‘NA’
In addition: Warning message:
In utils:::packageDescription(packageName, fields = "Version") :
  no package 'knitr' was found
> 

我用户 taceback但我不知道如何翻译结果

5: stop(gettextf("invalid version specification %s", paste(sQuote(unique(x[!ok])), 
       collapse = ", ")), call. = FALSE, domain = NA)
4: .make_numeric_version(x, strict, .standard_regexps()$valid_package_version, 
       "package_version")
3: package_version(utils:::packageDescription(packageName, fields = "Version"))
2: .rs.getPackageVersion("knitr")
1: (function (markdownVersion, stitchVersion) 
   {
       caps <- list()
       caps$r_markdown_supported = .rs.scalar(FALSE)
       caps$stitch_supported = .rs.scalar(FALSE)
       if (.rs.isPackageInstalled("knitr")) {
           knitrVersion <- .rs.getPackageVersion("knitr")
           caps$r_markdown_supported = .rs.scalar(knitrVersion >= 
               markdownVersion)
           caps$stitch_supported = .rs.scalar(knitrVersion >= stitchVersion)
       }
       return(caps)
   })("1.2", "1.2")
> 

Answer 1

问题出在哪里并不清楚，因此您需要一种策略来定位问题。如果可能，请为此使用最新版本的 R。

安装软件包时，请使用新 session 。此外，安装到新的库位置，这样您就可以准确地看到正在发生的事情。之后，您始终可以将此库的内容复制到您现有的库中。为此，请创建一个您具有写入权限的新目录(可能在您的主文件夹内)。那么当你调用install.packages , 使用 lib.loc争论安装到那个位置。

而不是调用install.packages("knitr") ，一一安装每一个依赖，看看是哪一个导致了问题。也就是说，install.packages("mime") ，然后 install.packages("stringi") ， 等等。您可以在问题中查看您需要的所有软件包的列表(或使用 packageDescription("knitr") 。

如果收到错误，请使用 traceback()查看错误发生的位置，并将这些详细信息包含在您需要进一步帮助的问题中。