compilation - 如何消除 Julia 可执行文件中的 JIT 开销(使用 MWE)

Question

我正在使用PackageCompiler希望创建一个可执行文件来消除即时编译开销。

文档解释说，我必须定义一个函数 julia_main 来调用我的程序逻辑，并编写一个“snoop 文件”，一个调用我希望预编译的函数的脚本。我的 julia_main 采用单个参数，即包含要分析的输入数据的文件的位置。因此，为了简单起见，我的 snoop 文件只需使用特定的输入文件调用 julia_main 即可。因此，我希望看到生成的可执行文件在针对同一输入文件执行时运行良好且快速(无编译开销)。

但是，唉，这不是我所看到的。在新的 Julia 实例中，julia_main 首次执行大约需要 74 秒，后续执行大约需要 4.5 秒。可执行文件每次调用大约需要 50 秒。

我对 build_executable 函数的使用如下所示:

julia> using PackageCompiler

julia> build_executable("d:/philip/source/script/julia/jsource/SCRiPTMain.jl",
                        "testexecutable",
                        builddir = "d:/temp/builddir4",
                        snoopfile = "d:/philip/source/script/julia/jsource/snoop.jl",
                        compile = "all",
                        verbose = true)

问题:

1. 上述论点对于实现我的目标(无需 JIT 开销的可执行文件)是否正确？
2. 还有其他建议吗？

以下是响应对 build_executable 的调用时发生的情况。从 Start of snoop fileexecution! 到 End of snoop fileexecution! 的行是由我的代码发出的。

Julia program file:
  "d:\philip\source\script\julia\jsource\SCRiPTMain.jl"
C program file:
  "C:\Users\Philip\.julia\packages\PackageCompiler\CJQcs\examples\program.c"
Build directory:
  "d:\temp\builddir4"
Executing snoopfile: "d:\philip\source\script\julia\jsource\snoop.jl"
Start of snoop file execution!
┌ Warning: The 'control file' contains the key 'InterpolateCovariance' with value 'true' but that is not supported. Pass a value of 'false' or omit the key altogether.
└ @ ValidateInputs d:\Philip\Source\script\Julia\JSource\ValidateInputs.jl:685
Time to build model 20.058000087738037
Saving c:/temp/SCRiPT/SCRiPTModel.jls
Results written to c:/temp/SCRiPT/SCRiPTResultsJulia.json
Time to write file: 3620 milliseconds
Time in method runscript: 76899 milliseconds
End of snoop file execution!
[ Info: used 1313 out of 1320 precompile statements
Build static library "testexecutable.a":
  atexit_hook_copy = copy(Base.atexit_hooks) # make backup
# clean state so that any package we use can carelessly call atexit
empty!(Base.atexit_hooks)
Base.__init__()
Sys.__init__() #fix https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/30479
using REPL
Base.REPL_MODULE_REF[] = REPL
Mod = @eval module $(gensym("anon_module")) end
# Include into anonymous module to not polute namespace
Mod.include("d:\\\\temp\\\\builddir4\\\\julia_main.jl")
Base._atexit() # run all exit hooks we registered during precompile
empty!(Base.atexit_hooks) # don't serialize the exit hooks we run + added
# atexit_hook_copy should be empty, but who knows what base will do in the future
append!(Base.atexit_hooks, atexit_hook_copy)

Build shared library "testexecutable.dll":
  `'C:\Users\Philip\.julia\packages\WinRPM\Y9QdZ\deps\usr\x86_64-w64-mingw32\sys-root\mingw\bin\gcc.exe' --sysroot 'C:\Users\Philip\.julia\packages\WinRPM\Y9QdZ\deps\usr\x86_64-w64-mingw32\sys-root' -shared '-DJULIAC_PROGRAM_LIBNAME="testexecutable.dll"' -o testexecutable.dll -Wl,--whole-archive testexecutable.a -Wl,--no-whole-archive -std=gnu99 '-IC:\Users\philip\AppData\Local\Julia-1.2.0\include\julia' -DJULIA_ENABLE_THREADING=1 '-LC:\Users\philip\AppData\Local\Julia-1.2.0\bin' -Wl,--stack,8388608 -ljulia -lopenlibm -m64 -Wl,--export-all-symbols`
Build executable "testexecutable.exe":
  `'C:\Users\Philip\.julia\packages\WinRPM\Y9QdZ\deps\usr\x86_64-w64-mingw32\sys-root\mingw\bin\gcc.exe' --sysroot 'C:\Users\Philip\.julia\packages\WinRPM\Y9QdZ\deps\usr\x86_64-w64-mingw32\sys-root' '-DJULIAC_PROGRAM_LIBNAME="testexecutable.dll"' -o testexecutable.exe 'C:\Users\Philip\.julia\packages\PackageCompiler\CJQcs\examples\program.c' testexecutable.dll -std=gnu99 '-IC:\Users\philip\AppData\Local\Julia-1.2.0\include\julia' -DJULIA_ENABLE_THREADING=1 '-LC:\Users\philip\AppData\Local\Julia-1.2.0\bin' -Wl,--stack,8388608 -ljulia -lopenlibm -m64`
Copy Julia libraries to build directory:
  7z.dll
  BugpointPasses.dll
  libamd.2.4.6.dll
  libamd.2.dll
  libamd.dll
  libatomic-1.dll
  libbtf.1.2.6.dll
  libbtf.1.dll
  libbtf.dll
  libcamd.2.4.6.dll
  libcamd.2.dll
  libcamd.dll
  libccalltest.dll
  libccolamd.2.9.6.dll
  libccolamd.2.dll
  libccolamd.dll
  libcholmod.3.0.13.dll
  libcholmod.3.dll
  libcholmod.dll
  libclang.dll
  libcolamd.2.9.6.dll
  libcolamd.2.dll
  libcolamd.dll
  libdSFMT.dll
  libexpat-1.dll
  libgcc_s_seh-1.dll
  libgfortran-4.dll
  libgit2.dll
  libgmp.dll
  libjulia.dll
  libklu.1.3.8.dll
  libklu.1.dll
  libklu.dll
  libldl.2.2.6.dll
  libldl.2.dll
  libldl.dll
  libllvmcalltest.dll
  libmbedcrypto.dll
  libmbedtls.dll
  libmbedx509.dll
  libmpfr.dll
  libopenblas64_.dll
  libopenlibm.dll
  libpcre2-8-0.dll
  libpcre2-8.dll
  libpcre2-posix-2.dll
  libquadmath-0.dll
  librbio.2.2.6.dll
  librbio.2.dll
  librbio.dll
  libspqr.2.0.9.dll
  libspqr.2.dll
  libspqr.dll
  libssh2.dll
  libssp-0.dll
  libstdc++-6.dll
  libsuitesparseconfig.5.4.0.dll
  libsuitesparseconfig.5.dll
  libsuitesparseconfig.dll
  libsuitesparse_wrapper.dll
  libumfpack.5.7.8.dll
  libumfpack.5.dll
  libumfpack.dll
  libuv-2.dll
  libwinpthread-1.dll
  LLVM.dll
  LLVMHello.dll
  zlib1.dll
All done

julia> 

编辑

我担心创建一个最小的工作示例会很困难，但它很简单:

TestBuildExecutable.jl 包含:

module TestBuildExecutable

Base.@ccallable function julia_main(ARGS::Vector{String}=[""])::Cint
    @show sum(myarray())
    return 0
end

#Function which takes approx 8 seconds to compile. Returns a 500 x 20 array of 1s
function myarray()
    [1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1;
     1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1;

# PLEASE EDIT TO INSERT THE MISSING 496 LINES, EACH IDENTICAL TO THE LINE ABOVE!

     1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1;
     1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1]
end

end #module

SnoopFile.jl 包含:

module SnoopFile

currentpath = dirname(@__FILE__)
push!(LOAD_PATH, currentpath)
unique!(LOAD_PATH)

using TestBuildExecutable

println("Start of snoop file execution!")
TestBuildExecutable.julia_main()
println("End of snoop file execution!")

end # module

在新的 Julia 实例中，julia_main 第一次执行需要 8.3 秒，第二次执行需要半毫秒:

julia> @time TestBuildExecutable.julia_main()
sum(myarray()) = 10000
  8.355108 seconds (425.36 k allocations: 25.831 MiB, 0.06% gc time)
0

julia> @time TestBuildExecutable.julia_main()
sum(myarray()) = 10000
  0.000537 seconds (25 allocations: 82.906 KiB)
0

接下来我调用build_executable:

julia> using PackageCompiler

julia> build_executable("d:/philip/source/script/julia/jsource/TestBuildExecutable.jl",
                       "testexecutable",
                       builddir = "d:/temp/builddir15",
                       snoopfile = "d:/philip/source/script/julia/jsource/SnoopFile.jl",
                       verbose = false)
Julia program file:
  "d:\philip\source\script\julia\jsource\TestBuildExecutable.jl"
C program file:
  "C:\Users\Philip\.julia\packages\PackageCompiler\CJQcs\examples\program.c"
Build directory:
  "d:\temp\builddir15"
Start of snoop file execution!
sum(myarray()) = 10000
End of snoop file execution!
[ Info: used 79 out of 79 precompile statements
All done

最后，在 Windows 命令提示符中:

D:\temp\builddir15>testexecutable
sum(myarray()) = 1000

D:\temp\builddir15>

(根据我的秒表)运行时间为 8 秒，并且每次执行都需要 8 秒，而不仅仅是第一次。这与每次运行时进行 JIT 编译的可执行文件是一致的，但 snoop 文件旨在避免这种情况!

版本信息:

julia> versioninfo()
Julia Version 1.2.0
Commit c6da87ff4b (2019-08-20 00:03 UTC)
Platform Info:
  OS: Windows (x86_64-w64-mingw32)
  CPU: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6700 CPU @ 3.40GHz
  WORD_SIZE: 64
  LIBM: libopenlibm
  LLVM: libLLVM-6.0.1 (ORCJIT, skylake)
Environment:
  JULIA_NUM_THREADS = 8
  JULIA_EDITOR = "C:\Users\Philip\AppData\Local\Programs\Microsoft VS Code\Code.exe"

Answer 1

看起来您使用的是 Windows。

在某个时刻PackageCompiler.jl对于 Windows 来说已经很成熟了，你可以尝试一下。