python-3.x - gcc: fatal error: limits.h: 在 macOS 上没有这样的文件或目录

Question

我正在尝试在 macos 10.14.5、Python 3.7 和 gcc 4.7 上 pip install python-Levenshtein ( https://pypi.org/project/python-Levenshtein/ )。这失败了:

/opt/local/lib/gcc47/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin16/4.7.4/include-fixed/limits.h:169:61: fatal error: limits.h: No such file 或目录

完整的日志是:

pip3 install python-levenshtein
Collecting python-levenshtein
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/42/a9/d1785c85ebf9b7dfacd08938dd028209c34a0ea3b1bcdb895208bd40a67d/python-Levenshtein-0.12.0.tar.gz
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools in /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages (from python-levenshtein) (39.0.1)
Installing collected packages: python-levenshtein
  Running setup.py install for python-levenshtein ... error
    ERROR: Complete output from command /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/bin/python3.7 -u -c 'import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='"'"'/private/var/folders/qg/vmj6zq4s7hb2pbkp3b8kstvh0000gn/T/pip-install-lougvxw2/python-levenshtein/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /private/var/folders/qg/vmj6zq4s7hb2pbkp3b8kstvh0000gn/T/pip-record-4208lwgo/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile:
    ERROR: running install
    running build
    running build_py
    creating build
    creating build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7
    creating build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/Levenshtein
    copying Levenshtein/StringMatcher.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/Levenshtein
    copying Levenshtein/__init__.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/Levenshtein
    running egg_info
    writing python_Levenshtein.egg-info/PKG-INFO
    writing dependency_links to python_Levenshtein.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
    writing entry points to python_Levenshtein.egg-info/entry_points.txt
    writing namespace_packages to python_Levenshtein.egg-info/namespace_packages.txt
    writing requirements to python_Levenshtein.egg-info/requires.txt
    writing top-level names to python_Levenshtein.egg-info/top_level.txt
    reading manifest file 'python_Levenshtein.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
    reading manifest template 'MANIFEST.in'
    warning: no previously-included files matching '*pyc' found anywhere in distribution
    warning: no previously-included files matching '*so' found anywhere in distribution
    warning: no previously-included files matching '.project' found anywhere in distribution
    warning: no previously-included files matching '.pydevproject' found anywhere in distribution
    writing manifest file 'python_Levenshtein.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
    copying Levenshtein/_levenshtein.c -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/Levenshtein
    copying Levenshtein/_levenshtein.h -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/Levenshtein
    running build_ext
    building 'Levenshtein._levenshtein' extension
    creating build/temp.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7
    creating build/temp.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/Levenshtein
    gcc -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -Wunreachable-code -fno-common -dynamic -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -arch x86_64 -g -I/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/include/python3.7m -c Levenshtein/_levenshtein.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/Levenshtein/_levenshtein.o
    In file included from /opt/local/lib/gcc47/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin16/4.7.4/include-fixed/syslimits.h:7:0,
                     from /opt/local/lib/gcc47/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin16/4.7.4/include-fixed/limits.h:34,
                     from /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/include/python3.7m/Python.h:11,
                     from Levenshtein/_levenshtein.c:99:
    /opt/local/lib/gcc47/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin16/4.7.4/include-fixed/limits.h:169:61: fatal error: limits.h: No such file or directory
    compilation terminated.
    error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
    ----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/bin/python3.7 -u -c 'import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='"'"'/private/var/folders/qg/vmj6zq4s7hb2pbkp3b8kstvh0000gn/T/pip-install-lougvxw2/python-levenshtein/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /private/var/folders/qg/vmj6zq4s7hb2pbkp3b8kstvh0000gn/T/pip-record-4208lwgo/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code 1 in /private/var/folders/qg/vmj6zq4s7hb2pbkp3b8kstvh0000gn/T/pip-install-lougvxw2/python-levenshtein/
felix@fxa-2:~$

有趣的是，该文件实际上确实存在于我的 mac 上，即:

felix@fxa-2:~$ ls /opt/local/lib/gcc47/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin16/4.7.4/include-fixed
README       limits.h     math.h       stdint.h     syslimits.h

Answer 1

此处问题的原因是通过 macports 安装了一个 gcc (4.7) 和另一个随 xcode 一起安装的 gcc (4.7)。用的是第​​一个。通过卸载 macports 附带的旧 gcc，再次使用 xcode 的 gcc，然后可以安装 python-Levenshtein(并编译其 C 代码)。