Django 应用程序无法识别静态文件

Question

我有一个 Django 应用程序，我无法在其中加载静态文件。我的模板已完美加载，但无法加载 CSS 和 JS 文件。这是我的文件:

zeinab@ZiZi:~/Desktop/MyProject$ tree
.
├── __init__.py
├── manage.py
├── myapp
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── lib
│   │   ├── decorators.py
│   │   ├── dorsa_forms.py
│   │   ├── __init__.py
│   │   └── utils.py
│   ├── log
│   ├── media
│   │   └── admin
│   │       └── background_login
│   │           └── bg1.jpg
│   ├── settings.py
│   ├── static
│   │   ├── calendar.js
│   │   └── inbox.css
│   ├── templates
│   │   ├── 404.html
│   │   ├── base.html
│   │   └── index.html
│   ├── urls.py
│   ├── views.py
│   └── wsgi.py
└── requirements.txt

8 directories, 18 files

当我runserver时，我得到每个CSS和JS文件的"GET/static/file/url HTTP/1.1"404 1265。这是MyProject/manage.py:

#!/usr/bin/env python
import os
import sys
if __name__ == "__main__":
    os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "myapp.settings")
    from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)

这是MyProject/myapp/settings.py:

import os
from django.contrib.messages import constants as messages

BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'sorl.thumbnail',
    'myapp.lib',
)

MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.cache.UpdateCacheMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.locale.LocaleMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.cache.FetchFromCacheMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.SessionAuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
)

SITE_ID = 1

AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS = (
    'django.contrib.auth.backends.ModelBackend',
)

ROOT_URLCONF = 'myapp.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
    'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
    'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "templates")],
    'APP_DIRS': True,
    'OPTIONS': {
        'context_processors': [
            'django.template.context_processors.debug',
            'django.template.context_processors.i18n',
            'django.template.context_processors.request',
            'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
            'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            'django.template.context_processors.i18n',
        ],
    },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'myapp.wsgi.application'

STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS = (
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static"),
)
STATIC_ROOT = '/myapp/static/'

MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "media")
MEDIA_URL = '/media/'

LOG_PATH = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'log')

DEBUG = True

这是MyProject/myapp/urls.py:

from django.conf import settings
from django.conf.urls import include, url
from django.conf.urls.static import static
from django.contrib import admin
from django.contrib.staticfiles.urls import staticfiles_urlpatterns
from .views import default
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^$', default, name='default'),
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
]
urlpatterns += staticfiles_urlpatterns()
urlpatterns += static(settings.MEDIA_URL, document_root=settings.MEDIA_ROOT)

这是MyProject/myapp/wsgi.py:

import os
from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "myapp.settings")
application = get_wsgi_application()

编辑1:

我已将 MyProject/myapp/urls.py 更改为以下内容:

from django.conf import settings
from django.conf.urls import include, url
from django.views import static
from django.contrib import admin
from .views import default

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^$', default, name='default'),
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^public/(?P<path>.*)$', static.serve, {
    'document_root': settings.MEDIA_ROOT
}, name='url_public'),
]

我最终得到了相同的结果。

编辑2:

我还尝试使用 urlpatterns += static(settings.STATIC_URL, document_root=settings.STATIC_ROOT) 而不是 urlpatterns += staticfiles_urlpatterns() 然后尝试 收集静态； collectstatic 已成功完成，但打开 URL 仍会返回 "GET/static/file/url HTTP/1.1"404 1265。

Answer 1

替换

urlpatterns += staticfiles_urlpatterns()

由

urlpatterns += static(settings.STATIC_URL, document_root=settings.STATIC_ROOT)

staticfiles_urlpatterns()仅用于调试以获得静态文件的显示 View 。正如https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/contrib/staticfiles/中提到的它永远不应该在生产中使用。

注:STATIC_ROOT & MEDIA_ROOT仅当您收集静态时才使用( collectstatic 和 manage.py )。它指定存储静态文件和媒体文件的绝对路径(通常是 /var/www/myapp/static 和 /var/www/myapp/media )