cmake 配置在 3.10.1 中出错，但在 3.9.6 中没有

Question

一个月前，我在一台 debian squeeze 机器上使用 cmake 3.9.6 安装了 cmake，并且运行良好。

现在，我正在另一台squeeze机器上安装cmake，但是当我执行./configure时它不起作用。它说:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CMake 3.10.1, Copyright 2000-2017 Kitware, Inc. and Contributors
Found GNU toolchain
C compiler on this system is: gcc  
---------------------------------------------
Error when bootstrapping CMake:
Cannot find a C++ compiler supporting C++11 on this system.
Please specify one using environment variable CXX.
See cmake_bootstrap.log for compilers attempted.
---------------------------------------------
Log of errors: /home/doom/things/cmake-3.10.1/Bootstrap.cmk/cmake_bootstrap.log
---------------------------------------------

和日志:

    Checking for GNU toolchain
Try: gcc
Line: gcc  cmake_bootstrap_28642_test.c -o cmake_bootstrap_28642_test
----------  file   -----------------------
int main() { return 0; }
------------------------------------------
Test succeeded
Try: g++
Line: g++  cmake_bootstrap_28642_test.cpp -o cmake_bootstrap_28642_test
----------  file   -----------------------
int main() { return 0; }
------------------------------------------
Test succeeded
Checking whether 'gcc  ' works.
Try: gcc
Line: gcc   cmake_bootstrap_28642_test.c -o cmake_bootstrap_28642_test
----------  file   -----------------------

#ifdef __cplusplus
# error "The CMAKE_C_COMPILER is set to a C++ compiler"
#endif

#if defined(__sun) && __STDC_VERSION__ < 199901L
#error "On Solaris we need C99."
#endif

#include <stdio.h>

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
  printf("%d%c", (argv != 0), (char)0x0a);
  return argc - 1;
}

------------------------------------------
1
Test succeeded
Checking whether 'g++  ' works.
Try: g++
Line: g++   cmake_bootstrap_28642_test.cxx -o cmake_bootstrap_28642_test
----------  file   -----------------------

#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include <unordered_map>

#if __cplusplus < 201103L
#error "Compiler is not in a mode aware of C++11."
#endif

#if defined(__SUNPRO_CC) && __SUNPRO_CC < 0x5140
#error "SunPro <= 5.13 mode not supported due to bug in move semantics."
#endif

class Class
{
public:
  int Get() const { return this->Member; }
private:
  int Member = 1;
};
int main()
{
  auto const c = std::unique_ptr<Class>(new Class);
  std::cout << c->Get() << std::endl;
  return 0;
}

------------------------------------------
In file included from /usr/include/c++/4.4/unordered_map:35,
                 from cmake_bootstrap_28642_test.cxx:4:
/usr/include/c++/4.4/c++0x_warning.h:31:2: error: #error This file requires compiler and library support for the upcoming ISO C++ standard, C++0x. This support is currently experimental, and must be enabled with the -std=c++0x or -std=gnu++0x compiler options.
cmake_bootstrap_28642_test.cxx:7:2: error: #error "Compiler is not in a mode aware of C++11."
cmake_bootstrap_28642_test.cxx:19: error: ISO C++ forbids initialization of member ‘Member’
cmake_bootstrap_28642_test.cxx:19: error: making ‘Member’ static
cmake_bootstrap_28642_test.cxx:19: error: ISO C++ forbids in-class initialization of non-const static member ‘Member’
cmake_bootstrap_28642_test.cxx: In function ‘int main()’:
cmake_bootstrap_28642_test.cxx:23: error: ISO C++ forbids declaration of ‘c’ with no type
cmake_bootstrap_28642_test.cxx:23: error: ‘unique_ptr’ is not a member of ‘std’
cmake_bootstrap_28642_test.cxx:23: error: expected primary-expression before ‘>’ token
cmake_bootstrap_28642_test.cxx:24: error: base operand of ‘->’ is not a pointer
Test failed to compile
Checking whether 'g++  -std=gnu++1z' works.
Try: g++
Line: g++  -std=gnu++1z cmake_bootstrap_28642_test.cxx -o cmake_bootstrap_28642_test
----------  file   -----------------------

#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include <unordered_map>

#if __cplusplus < 201103L
#error "Compiler is not in a mode aware of C++11."
#endif

#if defined(__SUNPRO_CC) && __SUNPRO_CC < 0x5140
#error "SunPro <= 5.13 mode not supported due to bug in move semantics."
#endif

class Class
{
public:
  int Get() const { return this->Member; }
private:
  int Member = 1;
};
int main()
{
  auto const c = std::unique_ptr<Class>(new Class);
  std::cout << c->Get() << std::endl;
  return 0;
}

------------------------------------------
cc1plus: error: unrecognized command line option "-std=gnu++1z"
Test failed to compile
Checking whether 'g++  ' works.
Try: g++
Line: g++   cmake_bootstrap_28642_test.cxx -o cmake_bootstrap_28642_test
----------  file   -----------------------

#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include <unordered_map>

#if __cplusplus < 201103L
#error "Compiler is not in a mode aware of C++11."
#endif

#if defined(__SUNPRO_CC) && __SUNPRO_CC < 0x5140
#error "SunPro <= 5.13 mode not supported due to bug in move semantics."
#endif

class Class
{
public:
  int Get() const { return this->Member; }
private:
  int Member = 1;
};
int main()
{
  auto const c = std::unique_ptr<Class>(new Class);
  std::cout << c->Get() << std::endl;
  return 0;
}

------------------------------------------
In file included from /usr/include/c++/4.4/unordered_map:35,
                 from cmake_bootstrap_28642_test.cxx:4:
/usr/include/c++/4.4/c++0x_warning.h:31:2: error: #error This file requires compiler and library support for the upcoming ISO C++ standard, C++0x. This support is currently experimental, and must be enabled with the -std=c++0x or -std=gnu++0x compiler options.
cmake_bootstrap_28642_test.cxx:7:2: error: #error "Compiler is not in a mode aware of C++11."
cmake_bootstrap_28642_test.cxx:19: error: ISO C++ forbids initialization of member ‘Member’
cmake_bootstrap_28642_test.cxx:19: error: making ‘Member’ static
cmake_bootstrap_28642_test.cxx:19: error: ISO C++ forbids in-class initialization of non-const static member ‘Member’
cmake_bootstrap_28642_test.cxx: In function ‘int main()’:
cmake_bootstrap_28642_test.cxx:23: error: ISO C++ forbids declaration of ‘c’ with no type
cmake_bootstrap_28642_test.cxx:23: error: ‘unique_ptr’ is not a member of ‘std’
cmake_bootstrap_28642_test.cxx:23: error: expected primary-expression before ‘>’ token
cmake_bootstrap_28642_test.cxx:24: error: base operand of ‘->’ is not a pointer
Test failed to compile
Checking whether 'g++  -std=gnu++14' works.
Try: g++
Line: g++  -std=gnu++14 cmake_bootstrap_28642_test.cxx -o cmake_bootstrap_28642_test
----------  file   -----------------------

#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include <unordered_map>

#if __cplusplus < 201103L
#error "Compiler is not in a mode aware of C++11."
#endif

#if defined(__SUNPRO_CC) && __SUNPRO_CC < 0x5140
#error "SunPro <= 5.13 mode not supported due to bug in move semantics."
#endif

class Class
{
public:
  int Get() const { return this->Member; }
private:
  int Member = 1;
};
int main()
{
  auto const c = std::unique_ptr<Class>(new Class);
  std::cout << c->Get() << std::endl;
  return 0;
}

------------------------------------------
cc1plus: error: unrecognized command line option "-std=gnu++14"
Test failed to compile
Checking whether 'g++  -std=gnu++1y' works.
Try: g++
Line: g++  -std=gnu++1y cmake_bootstrap_28642_test.cxx -o cmake_bootstrap_28642_test
----------  file   -----------------------

#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include <unordered_map>

#if __cplusplus < 201103L
#error "Compiler is not in a mode aware of C++11."
#endif

#if defined(__SUNPRO_CC) && __SUNPRO_CC < 0x5140
#error "SunPro <= 5.13 mode not supported due to bug in move semantics."
#endif

class Class
{
public:
  int Get() const { return this->Member; }
private:
  int Member = 1;
};
int main()
{
  auto const c = std::unique_ptr<Class>(new Class);
  std::cout << c->Get() << std::endl;
  return 0;
}

------------------------------------------
cc1plus: error: unrecognized command line option "-std=gnu++1y"
Test failed to compile
Checking whether 'g++  ' works.
Try: g++
Line: g++   cmake_bootstrap_28642_test.cxx -o cmake_bootstrap_28642_test
----------  file   -----------------------

#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include <unordered_map>

#if __cplusplus < 201103L
#error "Compiler is not in a mode aware of C++11."
#endif

#if defined(__SUNPRO_CC) && __SUNPRO_CC < 0x5140
#error "SunPro <= 5.13 mode not supported due to bug in move semantics."
#endif

class Class
{
public:
  int Get() const { return this->Member; }
private:
  int Member = 1;
};
int main()
{
  auto const c = std::unique_ptr<Class>(new Class);
  std::cout << c->Get() << std::endl;
  return 0;
}

------------------------------------------
In file included from /usr/include/c++/4.4/unordered_map:35,
                 from cmake_bootstrap_28642_test.cxx:4:
/usr/include/c++/4.4/c++0x_warning.h:31:2: error: #error This file requires compiler and library support for the upcoming ISO C++ standard, C++0x. This support is currently experimental, and must be enabled with the -std=c++0x or -std=gnu++0x compiler options.
cmake_bootstrap_28642_test.cxx:7:2: error: #error "Compiler is not in a mode aware of C++11."
cmake_bootstrap_28642_test.cxx:19: error: ISO C++ forbids initialization of member ‘Member’
cmake_bootstrap_28642_test.cxx:19: error: making ‘Member’ static
cmake_bootstrap_28642_test.cxx:19: error: ISO C++ forbids in-class initialization of non-const static member ‘Member’
cmake_bootstrap_28642_test.cxx: In function ‘int main()’:
cmake_bootstrap_28642_test.cxx:23: error: ISO C++ forbids declaration of ‘c’ with no type
cmake_bootstrap_28642_test.cxx:23: error: ‘unique_ptr’ is not a member of ‘std’
cmake_bootstrap_28642_test.cxx:23: error: expected primary-expression before ‘>’ token
cmake_bootstrap_28642_test.cxx:24: error: base operand of ‘->’ is not a pointer
Test failed to compile
Checking whether 'g++  -std=gnu++11' works.
Try: g++
Line: g++  -std=gnu++11 cmake_bootstrap_28642_test.cxx -o cmake_bootstrap_28642_test
----------  file   -----------------------

#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include <unordered_map>

#if __cplusplus < 201103L
#error "Compiler is not in a mode aware of C++11."
#endif

#if defined(__SUNPRO_CC) && __SUNPRO_CC < 0x5140
#error "SunPro <= 5.13 mode not supported due to bug in move semantics."
#endif

class Class
{
public:
  int Get() const { return this->Member; }
private:
  int Member = 1;
};
int main()
{
  auto const c = std::unique_ptr<Class>(new Class);
  std::cout << c->Get() << std::endl;
  return 0;
}

------------------------------------------
cc1plus: error: unrecognized command line option "-std=gnu++11"
Test failed to compile
Checking whether 'g++  -std=gnu++0x' works.
Try: g++
Line: g++  -std=gnu++0x cmake_bootstrap_28642_test.cxx -o cmake_bootstrap_28642_test
----------  file   -----------------------

#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include <unordered_map>

#if __cplusplus < 201103L
#error "Compiler is not in a mode aware of C++11."
#endif

#if defined(__SUNPRO_CC) && __SUNPRO_CC < 0x5140
#error "SunPro <= 5.13 mode not supported due to bug in move semantics."
#endif

class Class
{
public:
  int Get() const { return this->Member; }
private:
  int Member = 1;
};
int main()
{
  auto const c = std::unique_ptr<Class>(new Class);
  std::cout << c->Get() << std::endl;
  return 0;
}

------------------------------------------
cmake_bootstrap_28642_test.cxx:7:2: error: #error "Compiler is not in a mode aware of C++11."
cmake_bootstrap_28642_test.cxx:19: error: ISO C++ forbids initialization of member ‘Member’
cmake_bootstrap_28642_test.cxx:19: error: making ‘Member’ static
cmake_bootstrap_28642_test.cxx:19: error: ISO C++ forbids in-class initialization of non-const static member ‘Member’
Test failed to compile

但它在 cmake 3.9.6 的同一台机器上运行良好。

g++ 版本是 gcc 版本 4.4.5 (Debian 4.4.5-8)。我的镜子上有最新的。

到底是g++版本的问题还是新版本cmake的问题？

如有需要，How can I install g++ compiler from sources?

感谢您的回答。

Answer 1

Since v3.10 onwards CMake is implemented in C++11 :

Deprecated and Removed Features

Support for building CMake itself with C++98 compilers was dropped. CMake is now implemented using C++11.

这需要一个有能力的编译器。 C++11 功能完整的 GCC 第一个版本是 GCC 4.8.1 .

Gcc 4.4.5 已经超过 7 年了，更重要的是，它不支持 C++11(来自错误):

Cannot find a C++ compiler supporting C++11 on this system.

<小时/>

编译器更新

如上所述，您至少需要 GCC 4.8.1。以下是一些指南:

• https://gcc.gnu.org/wiki/InstallingGCC
• Installing gcc 4.8 on Debian
• https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/112157/how-can-i-install-more-recent-versions-of-software-than-what-debian-provides
• https://nosemaj.org/debian-gcc-4-7