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rust - 为什么我得到 "cannot borrow ` arr[_ ]` as mutable more than once at a time"?

转载 作者:行者123 更新时间:2023-12-01 23:12:13 30 4
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我有一个使用 Rust 创建冒泡排序的编程任务。我在 Rust 方面并没有太多经验,所以这对我来说有点难:

fn main() {
println!("Sort numbers ascending");
let num:[i32; 10] = [4, 65, 2, -31, 0, 99, 2, 83, 782, 1];
println!("Before: {:?}", num);
bubble_sort( num);
println!("After: {:?}\n", num);
}

fn swap( a: &mut i32, b: &mut i32){
let tmp: i32 = *b;
*b=*a;
*a=tmp;
}

fn bubble_sort(mut arr: [i32; 10]) {
for i in 0..arr.len() {
for j in 0..arr.len() - 1 - i {
if arr[j] > arr[j + 1] {
swap( &mut arr[j], &mut arr[j + 1]);
}
}
}
}

错误:

Compiling playground v0.0.1 (/playground)
error[E0499]: cannot borrow `arr[_]` as mutable more than once at a time
--> src/main.rs:19:24
|
19 | swap( &mut arr[j], &mut arr[j + 1]);
| ---- ----------- ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ second mutable borrow occurs here
| | |
| | first mutable borrow occurs here
| first borrow later used by call
|
= help: consider using `.split_at_mut(position)` or similar method to obtain two mutable non-overlapping sub-slices

For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0499`.
error: could not compile `playground` due to previous error

最佳答案

Rust 借用检查器非常复杂,但也有局限性。在这里,即使对于人类来说很明显没有发生可变别名,这个事实对借用检查器来说是完全隐藏的。它看到 &mut arr[j]&mut arr[j + 1] 并得出结论:“你试图从 arr 中可变地借用两次".

错误消息确实指出了解决方案:

split_at_mut()正是为这种情况提供的。在幕后,它使用 unsafe 以一种仍然有效且不会导致 UB 的方式改变上述规则。它需要一个索引来分割,并返回 2 个不重叠的可变切片。这是文档中的示例:

let mut v = [1, 0, 3, 0, 5, 6];
let (left, right) = v.split_at_mut(2);
assert_eq!(left, [1, 0]);
assert_eq!(right, [3, 0, 5, 6]);

因此,在您的情况下,您可以执行以下操作,而不是使用 &mut arr[j] 来获取对数字的可变引用:

let (start, end) = arr.split_at_mut(1);
swap(&mut start[0], &mut end[0]);

附言还有 .swap(i, j)对于切片 :-D

关于rust - 为什么我得到 "cannot borrow ` arr[_ ]` as mutable more than once at a time"?,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/69693586/

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