java - 如何消除按键延迟？

Question

所以我已经看到了一些关于此问题的帖子，我需要一些关于如何具体修复它的帮助。当你按住一个键时，Java会读取第一次按下的按键，然后会有一个小的延迟，然后它会连续读取按下的按键，直到你松开按键。

public void keyPressed(KeyEvent key) {
    int code = key.getKeyCode();
    if (code == KeyEvent.VK_DOWN) {
        //Do stuff
    }
    if (code == KeyEvent.VK_LEFT) {
        //Do stuff
    }
    if (code == KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT) {
        //Do stuff
    }
    if (code == KeyEvent.VK_UP) {
        //Do stuff
    }
}

这是我当前的代码。我听说要解决这个问题，您可以创建一个计时器来快速检查按键，但我不太确定该怎么做。如果这里有一些帮助或者有更好的解决方案，我们将不胜感激。

Answer 1

您的问题的基本答案是，您不能，延迟是特定于操作系统的。

更长的答案是，您应该忽略各个事件本身，并通过使用适当的标志来监视状态变化(按下和释放之间)。

这意味着，当按下一个键时，您可以设置一些标志，您的程序可以使用该标志来更改程序的状态，当释放时，您可以重置它。

这将事件与状态更改分离，并为您提供更大的灵 active ，因为您的程序不关心导致状态更改的原因，只关心状态已更改并且应该对此使用react。

这将要求您有某种“循环”，其职责是监视此更改并做出相应的 react 。在游戏中，这通常称为“游戏循环”，但也可以称为“主循环”。

正是这个“循环”负责更新程序的状态并绘制它。

下面是一个非常简单的示例，它使用 key bindings API和一个javax.swing.Timer演示基本概念

import com.sun.glass.events.KeyEvent;
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.Rectangle;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import javax.swing.AbstractAction;
import javax.swing.ActionMap;
import javax.swing.InputMap;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.KeyStroke;
import javax.swing.Timer;
import javax.swing.UIManager;
import javax.swing.UnsupportedLookAndFeelException;

public class MoveMe {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MoveMe();
    }

    public MoveMe() {
        EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager.getSystemLookAndFeelClassName());
                } catch (ClassNotFoundException | InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException | UnsupportedLookAndFeelException ex) {
                }

                JFrame frame = new JFrame("Testing");
                frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
                frame.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
                frame.add(new TestPane());
                frame.pack();
                frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
                frame.setVisible(true);
            }
        });
    }

    public class MovementState {

        public int xDirection;
        public int yDirection;

    }

    public class TestPane extends JPanel {

        private MovementState movementState;
        private Rectangle box;

        public TestPane() {
            movementState = new MovementState();
            InputMap im = getInputMap(WHEN_IN_FOCUSED_WINDOW);
            ActionMap am = getActionMap();

            im.put(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke(KeyEvent.VK_DOWN, 0, false), "down-pressed");
            im.put(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke(KeyEvent.VK_DOWN, 0, true), "down-released");
            im.put(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke(KeyEvent.VK_UP, 0, false), "up-pressed");
            im.put(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke(KeyEvent.VK_UP, 0, true), "up-released");
            im.put(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke(KeyEvent.VK_LEFT, 0, false), "left-pressed");
            im.put(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke(KeyEvent.VK_LEFT, 0, true), "left-released");
            im.put(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke(KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT, 0, false), "right-pressed");
            im.put(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke(KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT, 0, true), "right-released");

            am.put("down-pressed", new YDirectionAction(movementState, 2));
            am.put("down-released", new YDirectionAction(movementState, 0));
            am.put("up-pressed", new YDirectionAction(movementState, -2));
            am.put("up-released", new YDirectionAction(movementState, 0));
            am.put("left-pressed", new XDirectionAction(movementState, -2));
            am.put("left-released", new XDirectionAction(movementState, 0));
            am.put("right-pressed", new XDirectionAction(movementState, 2));
            am.put("right-released", new XDirectionAction(movementState, 0));

            box = new Rectangle(90, 90, 20, 20);

            Timer timer = new Timer(40, new ActionListener() {
                @Override
                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                    box.x += movementState.xDirection;
                    box.y += movementState.yDirection;
                    if (box.x < 0) {
                        box.x = 0;
                    } else if (box.x + box.width > getWidth()) {
                        box.x = getWidth() - box.width;
                    }
                    if (box.y < 0) {
                        box.y = 0;
                    } else if (box.y + box.height > getHeight()) {
                        box.y = getHeight() - box.height;
                    }
                    repaint();
                }
            });
            timer.start();
        }

        @Override
        public Dimension getPreferredSize() {
            return new Dimension(200, 200);
        }

        @Override
        protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
            super.paintComponent(g);
            Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g.create();
            g2d.setColor(Color.RED);
            g2d.fill(box);
            g2d.dispose();
        }
    }

    public abstract class AbstractDirectionAction extends AbstractAction {

        private final MovementState movementState;
        private final int value;

        public AbstractDirectionAction(MovementState movementState, int value) {
            this.movementState = movementState;
            this.value = value;
        }

        public MovementState getMovementState() {
            return movementState;
        }

        public int getValue() {
            return value;
        }

    }

    public class YDirectionAction extends AbstractDirectionAction {

        public YDirectionAction(MovementState movementState, int value) {
            super(movementState, value);
        }

        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            getMovementState().yDirection = getValue();
        }

    }

    public class XDirectionAction extends AbstractDirectionAction {

        public XDirectionAction(MovementState movementState, int value) {
            super(movementState, value);
        }

        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            getMovementState().xDirection = getValue();
        }

    }

}