ios - 有没有办法在 Swift 中使用 CAShapeLayer.compositingFilters 来合成蒙版？

Question

我正在为 iPad 应用程序实现绘图功能。我在 CAShapeLayers 上使用 UIBezierPaths 进行绘图。通过为每个 TouchesBegan 事件创建一个新的 CAShapeLayer，我正在构建一个“堆叠”的 CAShapeLayer 数组，这使我能够通过在数组中弹出和推送层来轻松实现撤消和重做。我还通过使用一些 CAShapeLayer.compositingFilters 做了一些有趣的图层混合技术。这一切都运作良好。我的挑战是删除。

我正在尝试创建第二个 CAShapeLayers 数组并使用它们来掩盖第一组。我可以使用上面相同的技术添加到蒙版组，同时使用不透明颜色进行绘制，但我无法从蒙版组中删除不透明区域。

我认为我可以使用不透明的基础层(黑色、白色或其他)开始 mask 技术。然后，我希望使用 UIColor.clear.cgColor 绘制 UIBezierPaths，并将绘制的清晰路径与底层不透明的基础蒙版组合或合成。实际上，这应该“删除”蒙版的该区域，并隐藏我绘制到的堆叠的 CAShapeLayers。我不想将 mask 层组合到图像中，因为我将失去通过弹出和推送 mask 阵列轻松撤消和重做的能力。

我在下面添加了一些伪代码。任何解决方案的指示、帮助或策略将不胜感激!我已经为此工作了好几个星期了，我真的很困惑。我找不到任何有关我为此努力的策略的信息。另外，如果我从一开始就错误地使用了绘图功能，并且有一种更简单的方法可以在保持简单的撤消/重做和添加删除的同时进行绘图，请告诉我。我完全愿意调整我的方法!预先感谢您的任何帮助。

// setup the layer hierarchy for drawing    
private func setupView() {
        self.mainDrawLayer = CAShapeLayer()
        self.mainDrawLayer.backgroundColor = UIColor.clear.cgColor
        self.layer.addSublayer(self.mainDrawLayer)

        // set up the mask. add an opaque background so everything shows through to start
        self.maskLayer = CALayer()
        let p = UIBezierPath.init(rect: self.bounds)
        self.maskShapeLayer = CAShapeLayer()
        self.maskShapeLayer?.fillColor = UIColor.black.cgColor
        self.maskShapeLayer?.path = p.cgPath
        self.maskLayer?.addSublayer(self.maskShapeLayer!)

        // apply the mask
        self.layer.mask = self.maskLayer
    }

override public func touchesBegan(_ touches: Set<UITouch>, with event: UIEvent?) {
        super.touchesBegan(touches, with: event)

        guard let touch = touches.first else {
            return
        }

        var erasing = false


        // setup the currentDrawLayer which captures the bezier path
        self.currentDrawLayer = CAShapeLayer()
        self.currentDrawLayer?.lineCap = CAShapeLayerLineCap.round
        self.currentDrawLayer?.fillColor = nil

        // set the ink color to use for drawing
        if let ink = UserDefaults.standard.string(forKey: "ink") {
            self.currentDrawLayer?.strokeColor = UIColor(hex: ink)?.cgColor
        } else {
            self.currentDrawLayer?.strokeColor = UIColor(hex: Constants.inkBlack3)?.cgColor
        }

        if UserDefaults.standard.string(forKey: "ink") == Constants.inkBlack5 {
            // removing the filter makes white overlay other colors
            // this is essentially erasing with a white background
            self.currentDrawLayer?.compositingFilter = nil
        } else {
            // this blend mode ads a whole different feeling to the drawing!
            self.currentDrawLayer?.compositingFilter = "darkenBlendMode"
        }

        // THIS IS THE ERASER COLOR!
        if UserDefaults.standard.string(forKey: "ink") == Constants.inkBlack4 {
            // trying erasing via drawing with clear
            self.currentDrawLayer?.strokeColor = UIColor.clear.cgColor
            // is there a compositingFilter available to 'combine' my clear color with the black opaque mask layer created above?
            self.currentDrawLayer?.compositingFilter = "iDontHaveADamnClueIfTheresOneThatWillWorkIveTriedThemAllItSeems:)"

            erasing = true

        }

        self.currentDrawLayer?.path = self.mainDrawPath.cgPath

        if erasing {
            // add the layer to the masks
            self.maskLayer!.addSublayer(self.currentDrawLayer!)
        } else {
            // add the layer to the drawings
            self.layer.addSublayer(self.currentDrawLayer!)
        }

        let location = touch.location(in: self)

        self.ctr = 0
        self.pts[0] = location
    }

Answer 1

我只能通过附加到蒙版形状图层的路径来完成类似的事情。

        CALayer *penStroke = ... the layer that has all the pen strokes ...;

        UIBezierPath *eraserStroke = [[UIBezierPath bezierPathWithRect:[self bounds]] bezierPathByReversingPath];
        [eraserStroke appendPath:[UIBezierPath bezierPathWithRect:CGRectMake(110, 110, 200, 30)]];

        CAShapeLayer *maskFill = [CAShapeLayer layer];
        maskFill.path = [eraserStroke CGPath];
        maskFill.fillRule = kCAFillRuleEvenOdd;
        maskFill.fillColor = [[UIColor blackColor] CGColor];
        maskFill.backgroundColor = [[UIColor clearColor] CGColor];

        penStroke.mask = maskFill;

以上将用所有橡皮擦笔画掩盖所有笔画。但绘图应用程序希望能够覆盖之前的橡皮擦笔画。我相信需要通过不断地用另一个新的 penStroke 层包裹现有的 penStroke 层，并始终将 penStrokes 添加到最外层来处理。

这会给出类似的内容:

 - Layer C: most recent pen strokes
   - mask: no mask, so that all strokes are pen strokes
   - Layer B: sublayer of layer C, contains some previous pen strokes
     - Layer B's mask: most recent eraser strokes
     - Layer A: sublayer on Layer B, contains pen strokes before the most recent eraser strokes
       - Layer A's mask: eraser strokes before layer B's pen strokes

希望这是有道理的。基本上，它是嵌套层/蒙版。每次用户从笔 -> 橡皮擦或橡皮擦 -> 笔切换时，一个新的图层将包裹在所有现有的笔/橡皮擦笔画图层周围。