java - Selenium Webdriver - 错误

Question

我正在学习测试自动化并在 Selenium Webdriver 中编写了一个脚本，但是我在下面遇到了很多错误。我按照教程进行了安装并遵循了所有步骤，但是有些东西不起作用。这些错误并没有告诉我太多信息，所以任何人都可以看一下它并告诉我在这种情况下我应该做什么？谢谢。

public static void main(String[] args) {
    System.setProperty("webdriver.firefox.marionette","C:\\geckodriver.exe");
    WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
    String baseUrl = "http://www.facebook.com";
    String tagName = "";

    driver.get(baseUrl);
    tagName = driver.findElement(By.id("email")).getTagName();
    System.out.println(tagName);
    driver.close();
    System.exit(0);

Exception in thread "main" org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException: Timed out waiting 45 seconds for Firefox to start.
Build info: version: '3.141.59', revision: 'e82be7d358', time: '2018-11-14T08:25:48'
System info: host: 'DESKTOP-5N6LIMJ', ip: '192.168.0.16', os.name: 'Windows 10', os.arch: 'amd64', os.version: '10.0', java.version: '1.8.0_221'
Driver info: driver.version: FirefoxDriver
    at org.openqa.selenium.firefox.XpiDriverService.waitUntilAvailable(XpiDriverService.java:247)
    at org.openqa.selenium.firefox.XpiDriverService.start(XpiDriverService.java:159)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.service.DriverCommandExecutor.execute(DriverCommandExecutor.java:79)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.execute(RemoteWebDriver.java:552)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.startSession(RemoteWebDriver.java:213)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.<init>(RemoteWebDriver.java:131)
    at org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver.<init>(FirefoxDriver.java:147)
    at org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver.<init>(FirefoxDriver.java:125)
    at newpackage.MyClass.main(MyClass.java:12)
Caused by: org.openqa.selenium.net.UrlChecker$TimeoutException: Timed out waiting for [http://localhost:5176/hub/status] to be available after 45010 ms
    at org.openqa.selenium.net.UrlChecker.waitUntilAvailable(UrlChecker.java:100)
    at org.openqa.selenium.firefox.XpiDriverService.waitUntilAvailable(XpiDriverService.java:245)
    ... 8 more
Caused by: java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(Unknown Source)
    at com.google.common.util.concurrent.SimpleTimeLimiter.callWithTimeout(SimpleTimeLimiter.java:156)
    at org.openqa.selenium.net.UrlChecker.waitUntilAvailable(UrlChecker.java:75)
    ... 9 more

Answer 1

您应该使用WebDriverManager库，而不是手动设置驱动程序二进制文件。

WebDriverManager allows to automate the management of the binary drivers (e.g. chromedriver, geckodriver, etc.) required by Selenium WebDriver.

首先将其添加到您的项目中，例如

    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.github.bonigarcia</groupId>
        <artifactId>webdrivermanager</artifactId>
        <version>3.7.1</version>        
    </dependency> 

然后将 System.setProperty("webdriver.firefox.marionette","C:\\geckodriver.exe"); 替换为 WebDriverManager.firefoxdriver().setup(); 和 WebDriverManager 将为您实现所有魔力:

1. It checks the version of the browser installed in your machine (e.g. Chrome, Firefox).

2. It checks the version of the driver (e.g. chromedriver, geckodriver). If unknown, it uses the latest version of the driver.

3. It downloads the WebDriver binary if it is not present on the WebDriverManager cache (~/.m2/repository/webdriver by default).

4. It exports the proper WebDriver Java environment variables required by Selenium (not done when using WebDriverManager from the CLI or as a Server).

WebDriverManager resolves the driver binaries for the browsers Chrome, Firefox, Opera, PhantomJS, Microsoft Edge, and Internet Explorer. For that, it provides several drivers managers for these browsers. These drivers managers can be used as follows:

    WebDriverManager.chromedriver().setup();
    WebDriverManager.firefoxdriver().setup();
    WebDriverManager.operadriver().setup();
    WebDriverManager.phantomjs().setup();
    WebDriverManager.edgedriver().setup();
    WebDriverManager.iedriver().setup();

您应该使用 Maven 或 Gradle 来构建您的应用程序，请查看这篇文章:Basic example program using WebDriver Java Maven