r - 将字符串拆分为多个固定宽度的列

Question

我正在尝试使用 str_split 将以下观察结果拆分为特定格式。

"00010943900008" "00010946803119" "00010946803219" "00010946803219" "00010946803219" "00010948700007"

我正在尝试将其分成不同的列。

因此第一个观察结果将如下所示:

Column x = 00

Column y = 01

Column z = 09439

Column w = 00008

其中 x 列始终是观察中的前 2 个数字，y 列将是接下来的 2 个数字，z 列将是接下来的 5 个数字，w 列将是最后 5 个数字

数据

string <- c("00010943900008", "00010946803119", "00010946803219", "00010946803219", 
"00010946803219", "00010948700007", "00010948700007", "00010948700007", 
"00010948700007", "00010948700007", "00010948700007", "00010948700007", 
"00010948700007", "00010948700007", "00010948700007", "00010948700007", 
"00010948700007", "00010948700007", "00010948700007", "00010948700007", 
"00010948700007", "00010948700007", "00010948700007", "00010948700007", 
"00010948700007", "00010948700007", "00010948700007", "00010948700007", 
"00010948700007", "00010948700007", "00010948700007", "00010948700007", 
"00010948700007", "00010948700007", "00010948700007", "00010948700007", 
"00010948700007", "00010948700007", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", 
"00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", 
"00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", 
"00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", 
"00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", 
"00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", 
"00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", 
"00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", 
"00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", 
"00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", 
"00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", 
"00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", 
"00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", 
"00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", 
"00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", 
"00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016"
)

Answer 1

您可以使用 \n 作为分隔符连接数据或将其写入文件，然后使用 readr::read_fwf 或 read.fwf(仅从文件)将其导入为固定宽度格式。这是不写入磁盘的 readr::read_fwf 版本:

library(readr)
result = read_fwf(paste(string, collapse = "\n"),
                  col_positions = fwf_widths(c(2, 2, 5, 5), col_names = c("x", "y", "z", "w")))
head(result)
# # A tibble: 6 x 4
#   x     y     z     w
#   <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr>
# 1 00    01    09439 00008
# 2 00    01    09468 03119
# 3 00    01    09468 03219
# 4 00    01    09468 03219
# 5 00    01    09468 03219
# 6 00    01    09487 00007