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多线程Java程序无法运行

转载 作者:行者123 更新时间:2023-12-01 21:50:52 26 4
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所以,我在为一个 java 应用程序设计的 Gui 上遇到了问题,该应用程序将给定目录中的所有文件重命名为垃圾文件(只是为了好玩)。这是背后的主要代码块:

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Scanner;

import org.json.simple.JSONObject;
import org.json.simple.parser.JSONParser;
import org.json.simple.parser.ParseException;

/**
* Class for renaming files to garbage names.
* All methods are static, hence private constructor.
* @author The Shadow Hacker
*/

public class RenameFiles {
private static int renamedFiles = 0;
private static int renamedFolders = 0;
public static char theChar = '#';
public static ArrayList<File> fileWhitelist = new ArrayList<>();
public static HashMap<File, File> revert = new HashMap<>();

public static int getRenamedFiles() {
return renamedFiles;
}

public static int getRenamedFolders() {
return renamedFolders;
}

/**
* All methods are static, hence private constructor.
*/

private RenameFiles() {
// Private constructor, nothing to do.
}

/**
* @param file The file to rename.
* @param renameTo The current value of the name to rename it to.
* @return A new value for renameTo.
*/

private static String renameFile(File file, String renameTo) {
for (File whitelistedFile : fileWhitelist) {
if (whitelistedFile.getAbsolutePath().equals(file.getAbsolutePath())) {
return renameTo;
}
}
if (new File(file.getParentFile().getAbsolutePath() + "/" + renameTo).exists()) {
renameTo += theChar;
renameFile(file, renameTo);
} else {
revert.put(new File(file.getParent() + "/" + renameTo), file);
file.renameTo(new File(file.getParent() + "/" + renameTo));
if (new File(file.getParent() + "/" + renameTo).isDirectory()) {
renamedFolders++;
} else {
renamedFiles++;
}
}
return renameTo;
}

/**
* TODO Add exception handling.
* @param dir The root directory.
* @throws NullPointerException if it can't open the dir
*/

public static void renameAllFiles(File dir) {
String hashtags = Character.toString(theChar);
for (File file : dir.listFiles()) {
if (file.isDirectory()) {
renameAllFiles(file);
hashtags = renameFile(file, hashtags);
} else {
hashtags = renameFile(file, hashtags);
}
}
}

public static void renameAllFiles(String dir) {
renameAllFiles(new File(dir));
}

/**
* This uses the revert HashMap to change the files back to their orignal names,
* if the user decides he didn't want to change the names of the files later.
* @param dir The directory in which to search.
*/

public static void revert(File dir) {
for (File file : dir.listFiles()) {
if (file.isDirectory()) {
revert(file);
}
revert.forEach((name, renameTo) -> {
if (file.getName().equals(name.getName())) {
file.renameTo(renameTo);
}
});
}
}

public static void revert(String dir) {
revert(new File(dir));
}

/**
* Saves the revert configs to a JSON file; can't use obj.writeJSONString(out)
* because a File's toString() method just calls getName(), and we want full
* paths.
* @param whereToSave The file to save the config to.
* @throws IOException
*/

@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static void saveRevertConfigs(String whereToSave) throws IOException {
PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(whereToSave);
JSONObject obj = new JSONObject();
revert.forEach((k, v) -> {
obj.put(k.getAbsolutePath(), v.getAbsolutePath());
});
out.write(obj.toJSONString());
out.close();
}

/**
* Warning - clears revert.
* Can't use obj.putAll(revert) because that puts the strings
* into revert, and we want Files.
* TODO Add exception handling.
* @param whereToLoad The path to the file to load.
* @throws ParseException If the file can't be read.
*/

@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static void loadRevertConfigs(String whereToLoad) throws ParseException {
revert.clear();
((JSONObject) new JSONParser().parse(whereToLoad)).forEach((k, v) -> {
revert.put(new File((String) k), new File((String) v));
});
}

/**
* This static block is here because the program uses forEach
* loops, and we don't want the methods that call them to
* return errors.
*/

static {
if (!(System.getProperty("java.version").startsWith("1.8") || System.getProperty("java.version").startsWith("1.9"))) {
System.err.println("Must use java version 1.8 or above.");
System.exit(1);
}
}

/**
* Even though I made a gui for this, it still has a complete command-line interface
* because Reasons.
* @param argv[0] The folder to rename files in; defaults to the current directory.
* @throws IOException
*/

public static void main(String[] argv) throws IOException {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
String accept;
if (argv.length == 0) {
System.out.print("Are you sure you want to proceed? This could potentially damage your system! (y/n) : ");
accept = scanner.nextLine();
scanner.close();
if (!(accept.equalsIgnoreCase("y") || accept.equalsIgnoreCase("yes"))) {
System.exit(1);
}
renameAllFiles(System.getProperty("user.dir"));
} else if (argv.length == 1 && new File(argv[0]).exists()) {
System.out.print("Are you sure you want to proceed? This could potentially damage your system! (y/n) : ");
accept = scanner.nextLine();
scanner.close();
if (!(accept.equalsIgnoreCase("y") || accept.equalsIgnoreCase("yes"))) {
System.exit(1);
}
renameAllFiles(argv[0]);
} else {
System.out.println("Usage: renameAllFiles [\033[3mpath\033[0m]");
scanner.close();
System.exit(1);
}
System.out.println("Renamed " + (renamedFiles != 0 ? renamedFiles : "no") + " file" + (renamedFiles == 1 ? "" : "s")
+ " and " + (renamedFolders != 0 ? renamedFolders : "no") + " folder" + (renamedFolders == 1 ? "." : "s."));
}
}

如您所见,它的所有方法都是静态的。现在这是我的(仅部分完成)事件处理程序类:

import java.io.File;

/**
* Seperate class for the gui event handlers.
* Mostly just calls methods from RenameFiles.
* Like RenameFiles, all methods are static.
* @author The Shadow Hacker
*/

public class EventHandlers {
private static Thread t;

/**
* The reason this is in a new thread is so we can check
* if it is done or not (For the 'cancel' option).
* @param dir The root directory used by RenameFiles.renameAllFiles.
*/

public static void start(File dir) {
t = new Thread(() -> {
RenameFiles.renameAllFiles(dir);
});
t.start();
}

/**
* @param dir The root directory used by RenameFiles.revert(dir).
* @throws InterruptedException
*/

public static void cancel(File dir) throws InterruptedException {
new Thread(() -> {
while (t.isAlive()) {
// Nothing to do; simply waiting for t to end.
}
RenameFiles.revert(dir);
}).start();
}

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
start(new File("rename"));
cancel(new File("rename"));
}
}

我遇到的问题是,当我从 RenameFiles 类运行 revert 时,它工作正常,但是从多线程运行它时(我们不希望处理程序必须等待在对另一个按钮按下使用react之前完成的方法)EventHandlers 类,恢复不起作用。这是否与 RenameFiles 是一个具有所有静态方法的类有关,还是其他什么?请帮忙!

编辑:@Douglas,当我运行时:

import java.io.File;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

/**
* Seperate class for the gui event handlers.
* Mostly just calls methods from RenameFiles.
* Like RenameFiles, all methods are static.
* @author The Shadow Hacker
*/

public class EventHandlers {
private static ExecutorService service = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
private static volatile CountDownLatch latch;

/**
* The reason this is in a new thread is so we can check
* if it is done or not (For the 'cancel' option).
* @param dir The root directory used by RenameFiles.renameAllFiles.
*/

public static void start(File dir) {
latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
service.submit(() -> {
RenameFiles.renameAllFiles(dir);
latch.countDown();
});

}

/**
* @param dir The root directory used by RenameFiles.revert(dir).
* @throws InterruptedException
*/

public static void cancel(File dir) throws InterruptedException {
service.submit(() -> {
try {
latch.await();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
RenameFiles.revert(dir);
});
}

程序会永远运行,不会终止。

最佳答案

这里有两个主要问题。

首先,您在线程之间共享变量。 Java 中的默认变量处理不能保证两个线程就任何给定变量的值达成一致。您可以通过为每个变量赋予 volatile 修饰符来修复此问题(注意:这会降低性能,这就是它不是默认值的原因)。

其次,您没有适当的机制来保证有关线程执行顺序的任何信息。正如所写,EventHandlers.main 完全有可能在 renameAllFiles 调用开始之前运行 cancel 来完成。重命名也可能开始,被线程调度程序暂停,取消从头到尾的运行,然后重命名完成,或者任何其他组合。您尝试通过 t.isAlive() 检查来解决此问题,但在 main 中冗余创建另一个 Thread 意味着没有保证t甚至在主线程到达之前就被初始化了。从该行获得 NullPointerException 的可能性不大,但根据规范的规定是有效的。

第二个问题一般来说更难解决,这也是使用线程非常困难的主要原因。幸运的是,这个特殊问题是一个相当简单的案例。不要在 isAlive() 检查上永远循环,而是创建一个 CountDownLatch当你启动线程时,当线程结束时倒计时,然后简单地在cancelawait()它。顺便说一句,这也将同时解决第一个问题,而无需 volatile ,因为除了调度协调之外,CountDownLatch 还保证任何等待它的线程都会查看任何倒计时线程中完成的所有操作的结果。

长话短说,解决此问题的步骤:

  1. 删除main中的new Thread,直接调用start即可。 start 本身创建一个 Thread,无需将其嵌套在另一个 Thread 中。
  2. Thread t替换为CountDownLatch
  3. start 中,将 CountDownLatch 初始化为计数 1。
  4. start中,初始化CountDownLatch,通过调用Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor()获取ExecutorService ,然后提交对它的renameAllFiles调用。这样做而不是直接使用Thread。除此之外,规范保证在此之前完成的任何操作都将在新线程中按预期可见,并且我在 Thread.start() 的文档中没有看到任何此类保证。它还具有更多方便和实用的方法。
  5. 在您提交给 ExecutorService 的内容中,重命名后,在闩锁上调用 countDown()
  6. 提交之后,在ExecutorService上调用shutdown()。这将阻止您重复使用同一个,但会阻止它无限期地等待重复使用,而这种情况永远不会发生。
  7. cancel 中,将 while 循环替换为对锁存器的 await() 调用。除了内存一致性保证之外,这还可以通过让系统线程调度程序处理等待而不是花费 CPU 时间进行循环来提高性能。

如果您想在程序的同一运行中考虑多个重命名操作,则需要进行其他更改。

关于多线程Java程序无法运行,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/35260997/

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