Perl 自动化散列填充和 key 名称

Question

我有一些错误字符串。我将它们与我已有的模式相匹配。如果它们完全相同，我希望它们属于完全相同的错误故障。如果它们匹配模式但与散列中的先前字符串有一些不同，我想给它相同的错误名称但附加不同的数字。

这是一个示例输入文件:

there are 5 syntax issues with semicolon
there are 11 syntax issues with semicolon
the file contains 5 formatting issues
there are 1 syntax issues with semicolon
check script for formatting issues
2 syntax issues have been found
the file contains 1 formatting issues
6 syntax issues have been found

use warnings;
use strict;

my %errors;
my $file = "listoferrormessages.txt"

open my $fh,'<',$file or die "Could not open $file: $!";

while(my $line = <$fh>){

if( $line =~ /syntax/){

    if ($line =~ /there are \d syntax issues with semicolon/){
       #if line matching format exists in hash values, continue
       #if not, create a hash key called syntax_# where # increments one from the last key with the error name. 
        $errors{errorname} = $line;
}

    elsif ($line =~ /\d syntax issues have been found/){
       #same as above
       $errors(errorname} = $line;
}

elsif ($line =~ /format/){
#same as above
}

}
close $fh;

我希望我的散列看起来像:

$VAR1 = {
          'syntax_1' => 
                     'there are 5 syntax issues with semicolon',
          'syntax_2' => 
                     '2 syntax issues have been found',
          'format_1' => 
                     'the file contains 5 formatting issues',
          'format_2' => 
                     'check script for formatting issues'
        };

关于此的任何指导都会非常有帮助。还有很多我想补充的，但我对如何开始做这件事感到很困惑。这甚至可以做到吗？

Answer 1

这完成了所要求的，剩下的问题是可能的错误类型。

辅助数据结构 (%seen_error_type) 用于避免搜索每一行的值，以检查是否已看到该错误类型；使用此散列，它只是一个查找。

use warnings;
use strict;
use feature qw(say);

use Data::Dump qw(dd);  # to show complex data structures

my $file = shift // die "Usage: $0 file\n";  #/
open my $fh, '<', $file  or die "Can't open $file: $!";

my (%error, %seen_error_type, $cnt_syntax, $cnt_format);

LINE:
while (my $line = <$fh>) { 
    chomp $line;

    my $error_type = $line =~ s/[0-9]+/N/r;  # extract error type

    next LINE if exists $seen_error_type{$error_type};
    $seen_error_type{$error_type} = 1;

    if ($line =~ /syntax/) {
        ++$cnt_syntax;
        $error{ "syntax_$cnt_syntax" } = $line;
    }
    elsif ($line =~ /format/) {
        ++$cnt_format;
        $error{ "format_$cnt_format" } = $line;
    }   
    else { }  # specify how to handle unexpected error types
}       
    
dd \%error;

错误“类型”首先从一行构建，方法是用N 替换数字；这仅遵循 OP 示例，因为没有给出如何对这些错误消息进行分类的规则。如果这确实是全部，那很好。但我预计会出现更复杂的错误类型标准。

改进这一点的关键需要是阐明预期“错误类型”(错误消息的结构)的规则。

简单地将意外模式添加到我们的错误类型簿记散列中是没有意义的，除非我们有一些关于如何从一行中提取模式的规则。否则，每一行可能的文本最终都可能成为其自身的关键，这将破坏对它们进行分类的整个练习的目的。

使用给定的输入文件，上面的打印

{  format_1 => "the file contains 5 formatting issues",  format_2 => "check script for formatting issues",  syntax_1 => "there are 5 syntax issues with semicolon",  syntax_2 => "2 syntax issues have been found",}

(The Data::Dump module I used probably need be installed. A core option is Data::Dumper)

---

Another note, raised in comments: I don't see why to add a key for each new line, instead of adding each expected error-type-line to an arrayref for a suitable key (syntax, format, etc).

If there is no specific reason for that then I'd rather suggest something like

my (%error, %seen_error_type);

LINE:
while (my $line = <$fh>) { 
    chomp $line;

    my $error_type = $line =~ s/[0-9]+/N/r;  # extract error type

    next LINE if exists $seen_error_type{$error_type};
    $seen_error_type{$error_type} = 1;

    if ($line =~ /syntax/) {
        push @{$error{syntax}}, $line;
    }   
    elsif ($line =~ /format/) { 
        push @{$error{format}}, $line;
    }
    else { }  # specify how to handle unexpected error types
}

dd \%error;

现在我们只为键 syntax 和键 format 提供了一个数组引用。

这打印

{  format => [              "the file contains 5 formatting issues",              "check script for formatting issues",            ],  syntax => [              "there are 5 syntax issues with semicolon",              "2 syntax issues have been found",            ],}