smtp - Postfix - 必须首先发出 STARTTLS 命令

Question

我尝试通过 postfix 通过 gmail 发送电子邮件，但它显示以下错误:

必须首先发出 STARTTLS 命令。

Sep  6 01:11:34 NovusTec postfix/smtp[10889]: 1284460D68: to=<cassa@gmail.co>, relay=smtp.gmail.com[64.233.190.108]:587, delay=2882, delays=2881/0.02/0.83/0.19, dsn=5.7.0, status=bounced (host smtp.gmail.com[64.233.190.108] said: 530 5.7.0 Must issue a STARTTLS command first. k65sm16819558qkf.7 - gsmtp (in reply to MAIL FROM command))

/etc/postfix/main.cf

# See /usr/share/postfix/main.cf.dist for a commented, more complete version


# Debian specific:  Specifying a file name will cause the first
# line of that file to be used as the name.  The Debian default
# is /etc/mailname.
#myorigin = /etc/mailname

smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu)
biff = no

# appending .domain is the MUA's job.
append_dot_mydomain = no

# Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings
#delay_warning_time = 4h

readme_directory = no

# TLS parameters
smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
smtpd_use_tls=yes
smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache
smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache

# See /usr/share/doc/postfix/TLS_README.gz in the postfix-doc package for
# information on enabling SSL in the smtp client.

smtpd_relay_restrictions = permit_mynetworks permit_sasl_authenticated defer_unauth_destination
myhostname = localhost
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
mydestination = localdomain, localhost, localhost.localdomain, localhost
relayhost = [smtp.gmail.com]:587 
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128
mailbox_command = procmail -a "$EXTENSION"
mailbox_size_limit = 0
recipient_delimiter = +
inet_interfaces = all
inet_protocols = all

smtp_use_tls=yes
smtp_sasl_auth_enable=yes
smtp_sasl_password_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd
smtp_sasl_security_options =  
smtp_tls_CAfile = /etc/ssl/certs

我尝试了其他网站上告知的几种配置，但没有成功 =\

有人可以帮我吗？

Answer 1

您的问题是您的 ca 证书。完全在线 smtp_tls_CAfile =/etc/ssl/certs要确认这一点，请将以下内容添加到 main.cf 中并重新启动 postfix 服务。

debug_peer_list=smtp.gmail.com
debug_peer_level=3

现在发送另一封电子邮件并查看/var/log/mail.log。您将看到此消息:无法加载证书颁发机构数据:禁用 TLS 支持。

现在将 smtp_tls_CAfile =/etc/ssl/certs 更改为 smtp_tls_CAfile =/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt。这是针对 Debian/Ubuntu 的，您应该找到各自发行版的文件路径。

重新启动 postfix 服务并再次测试发送。您应该已启动并运行。

请记住在问题解决后删除日志行。

#debug_peer_list=smtp.gmail.com
#debug_peer_level=3