java - 如何用选定的颜色填充网格上选定的单元格？

Question

我正在创建一个游戏，其中用户必须匹配由正方形网格组成的随机生成的目标图像。用户可以选择一整行(左侧的圆形选择器)、一整列(顶部的圆形选择器)和一个单独的单元格，这算作一次移动。目前，我的程序允许我选择行、列和单元格(并取消选择它们)，但我无法找到一种方法来填充 Canvas 顶部的颜色选择器中选定的单元格。我想知道是否有人可以给我任何关于如何实现这一目标的提示？

final color RED = #D12020;
final color BLUE = #515DD8;
final color GREEN = #21AF20;
final color YELLOW = #F5EF74;
final color ORANGE = #F59219;
final color PURPLE = #B219F5;
final color WHITE = #FFFFFF;
final int ROWS = 12;
final int COLUMNS = 8;
final int BLOCK_SIZE = 40;
int blockSize;
int spacing;
int cornerX;
int cornerY;
int size;
int space;
int cell = -1;
int col = -1;
int row = -1;
color[] colour = {RED, BLUE, GREEN, YELLOW, ORANGE, PURPLE, WHITE};

void setup() {
  size(1000, 1000);
  background(0);
  cornerX = width/8;
  cornerY = height/8;
  size = height/33;
  space = width/100;
  targetImage();
}

void draw() {
  //background(0);
  colourCells();
  grid();
  selectCell();
  columnSelectors();
  rowSelectors();
  counter();
}

//draws the colour selectors
void colourCells() {
  int blockSize = width/20;
  int spacing = width/200;
  int colourBlocks = 7;
  int squareX = blockSize;
  for (int i=0; i < colourBlocks; i++) {
    stroke(167);
    fill(colour[i]);
    rect(squareX, 0, blockSize, blockSize);
    squareX += spacing+blockSize;
  }
}

//draws the grid
void grid() {
  cornerX = width/8;
  cornerY = height/5;
  noFill();
  stroke(167);
  strokeWeight(1);
  for (int i = 0; i<ROWS; i++) {
    cornerX = width/8;
    for (int j = 0; j<COLUMNS; j++) {
      rect(cornerX, cornerY, BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE);
      cornerX += BLOCK_SIZE;
    }
    cornerY += BLOCK_SIZE;
  }
}

//changes the selected cell stroke to red (or deselected cell outline back to grey)
void selectCell() {

  cornerX = width/8;
  cornerY = height/5;
  if (cell != -1) {  
    stroke(RED);
    rect(cornerX + (cell % COLUMNS) * BLOCK_SIZE, cornerY + (cell / COLUMNS) * BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE);
    stroke(167);
  }
}

//creates the circular column selectors
void columnSelectors() {

  int columnX = (cornerX) + (size/2) + (space/2);
  int columnY = (cornerY) - (size/2) - space;

  noFill();
  for ( int i = 0; i<COLUMNS; i++) {
    if (col != -1 && col == i)
      stroke(RED);
    else
      stroke(167);

    ellipse(columnX, columnY, size, size);
    columnX += size + space;
  }
}

//creates the circular row selectors
void rowSelectors() {

  int rowX = (cornerX) - (size/2) - space;
  int rowY = (cornerY) + (size/2) + (space/2);
  noFill(); 
  for ( int j = 0; j<ROWS; j ++) {
    if (row  != -1 && row == j)
      stroke(RED);
    else
      stroke(167);

    ellipse(rowX, rowY, size, size);
    rowY += size + space;
  }
}

//creates the score counter at the bottom of canvas
void counter() {
  float x = width/3;
  float y = 4*height/5;
  float boxLength = width/3;
  float boxHeight = height/20;
  int counter = 0;
  fill(255);
  rect(x, y, boxLength, boxHeight);
  String counterText = "Num Moves: " + counter;
  fill(0);
  textSize(40);
  text(counterText, x + (boxLength*1/14.0), y + (boxHeight*3/4.0));
}

//loads in a random target image
void targetImage() {
  float y = height/5;
  float x = width/2;
  String [] file = {"target0.png", "target1.png", "target2.png", "target3.png", "target4.png"};
  PImage target;// create a variable that can point to an off-screen buffer
  String filename = file[int(random(0, 4))]; //"target" + int(random(0,4)) + ".png";// create filename
  target = loadImage(filename);// load image file into off-screen buffer
  image(target, x, y, width/3.125, height/2.08);// display the buffer on canvas at location x, y
}

//allows the user to select/deselect individual cells
int cellSelected() {

  int x;
  int y;
  int xPos= mouseX - cornerX;
  int yPos= mouseY - cornerY;
  x = xPos/BLOCK_SIZE;
  y = yPos/BLOCK_SIZE;
  int num = x + (y*COLUMNS);
  if (num == cell)
    return -1;
  else
    return num;
}

//allows the user to select/deselect a column
int selectColumn() {

  int x;
  int xPos= mouseX - cornerX;
  x = xPos/(size+space);
  if (x == col)
    return -1;
  else
    return x;
}

//allows the user to select/deselect a row
int selectRow() {

  int y;
  int yPos= mouseY - cornerY;
  y = yPos/(size+space);
  if (y == row)
    return -1;
  else
    return y;
}

//mouse click functions for selecting cells/rows/columns/colour
void mouseClicked() {

  spacing = width/200;
  blockSize = width/20;

  if (mouseX > cornerX && mouseY > cornerY && mouseX < cornerX + COLUMNS*BLOCK_SIZE 
    && mouseY < cornerY + ROWS*BLOCK_SIZE) {
    cell = cellSelected();
  }

  if (mouseX > cornerX && mouseY > (cornerY - (space + size)) && mouseX < cornerX + COLUMNS*BLOCK_SIZE 
    && mouseY < cornerY) {
    col = selectColumn();
  }

  if (mouseX > (cornerX - (space + size)) && mouseY > cornerY && mouseX < cornerX 
    && mouseY < cornerY + ROWS*BLOCK_SIZE) {
    row = selectRow();
  }

  if (mouseX < blockSize && mouseX > ((blockSize*colour.length) + (spacing*(colour.length - 1)))) {
    for (int c = 0; c < colour.length; c++) {
      if (get(mouseX, mouseY) == colour[c]) {
        fill(colour[c]);
        break;
      }
    }
  }
}

/*
to do
fill colour
increse score counter
*/```


  [1]: /image/eyX4g.png

Answer 1

我喜欢你的项目。我特别喜欢你的评论。到目前为止做得很好。我应该去 sleep ，但我会帮你的。而且，让我们面对现实吧，无论如何我都不擅长 sleep 。

首先，正如您可以猜到的，为了给您的解决方案着色，您必须将这些信息存储在某个地方。

然后，为了验证玩家是否找到了正确的答案，您必须能够将他的工作与解决方案进行比较。

我看到您使用了图像来显示目标状态。我建议您改为编码，这样您就可以更轻松地比较它(并且您还可以轻松生成许多不同的“级别”)。

Java 是面向对象的。你没有写任何类(class)，所以我想你仍在学习。让我告诉你一件事:类(class)很棒。它们是自己的对象，有自己的方法和变量。您可以通过多种方式实例化它们。就像，比方说......你自己的对象的数组。一个物体可以是……比如说……正方形？一个彩色方 block ？

是的。 您可以定义一个类并让他们自己绘制，而不是绘制大约 100 个正方形。并记住他们自己的颜色。并知道它们是否被点击。

而且，基本上，无论你想要什么。

这是 Square 类的示例:

class Square{
  //modal variables
  private float xPos = 0;
  private float yPos = 0;
  private float myWidth = 0;
  private float myHeight = 0;
  public color myColor = color(0);  //myColor and isSelected are public because I want to access them directly from outside the class
  public boolean isSelected = false;  //public modal variables are not a popular choice, with good reasons, but for now let's just roll with it

  //this is a constructor. Every time you instantiate this class, you must call it's constructor. This one can be overloaded with the square's cordinates and size
  public Square(int xx, int yy, float ww, float hh) {
    xPos = xx;
    yPos = yy;
    myWidth = ww;
    myHeight = hh;
  }

  //you can call this method to make the square draw itself
  public void Render() {    
    if (isSelected) {
      stroke(RED);
    } else {
      stroke(167);
    }
      fill(myColor);
    rect(xPos, yPos, myWidth, myHeight);
  }

  //give coordinates to this function to know if this squared has been clicked on
  public boolean ClickedOn(float xx, float yy) {
    return ((xx > xPos && xx < xPos + myWidth) && (yy > yPos && yy < yPos + myHeight));
  }
}

现在，我不打算重写整个内容，但这里有一个最小的、可重现的示例，展示了此类的功能(您可以将以下代码复制并粘贴到处理中并从中学习):

final color RED = #D12020;
final color BLUE = #515DD8;
final color GREEN = #21AF20;
final color YELLOW = #F5EF74;
final color ORANGE = #F59219;
final color PURPLE = #B219F5;
final color WHITE = #FFFFFF;
final int ROWS = 12;
final int COLUMNS = 8;
final color[] colour = {RED, BLUE, GREEN, YELLOW, ORANGE, PURPLE, WHITE};
ArrayList <Square> picker, grid, answer;  //there are 3 groups of squared to manage

class Square{
  //modal variables
  private float xPos = 0;
  private float yPos = 0;
  private float myWidth = 0;
  private float myHeight = 0;
  public color myColor = color(0);  //myColor and isSelected are public because I want to access them directly from outside the class
  public boolean isSelected = false;  //public modal variables are not a popular choice, with good reasons, but for now let's just roll with it

  //this is a constructor. Every time you instantiate this class, you must call it's constructor. This one can be overloaded with the square's cordinates and size
  public Square(float xx, float yy, float ww, float hh) {
    xPos = xx;
    yPos = yy;
    myWidth = ww;
    myHeight = hh;
  }

  //you can call this method to make the square draw itself
  public void Render() {    
    if (isSelected) {
      stroke(RED);
    } else {
      stroke(167);
    }
      fill(myColor);
    rect(xPos, yPos, myWidth, myHeight);
  }

  //give coordinates to this function to know if this squared has been clicked on
  public boolean ClickedOn(float xx, float yy) {
    return ((xx > xPos && xx < xPos + myWidth) && (yy > yPos && yy < yPos + myHeight));
  }
}

//setup() is meant for you to initialize stuff before the main loop, which is draw()
void setup() {
  size(1000, 1000);
  InitializeSquares();
}

//let's initialize EVERYTHING SQUARE-SHAPED!
public void InitializeSquares(){
  float blockSize = width/20;
  float cornerX = width/12;
  float cornerY = height/8;
  float answerCornerX = cornerX * 6.5;
  float answerCornerY = cornerY;
  float pickerSize = blockSize * 1.5;
  float pickerCornerX = cornerX/2;
  float pickerCornerY = cornerY - (pickerSize * 1.5);

  //the grid:
  grid = new ArrayList <Square>();
  for (int i = 0; i<ROWS; i++) {
    for (int j = 0; j<COLUMNS; j++) {
      grid.add(new Square(cornerX + (j*blockSize), cornerY + (i*blockSize), blockSize, blockSize));
    }
  }

  //the target answer:
  answer = new ArrayList <Square>();
  for (int i = 0; i<ROWS; i++) {
    for (int j = 0; j<COLUMNS; j++) {
      answer.add(new Square(answerCornerX + (j*blockSize), answerCornerY + (i*blockSize), blockSize, blockSize));
      answer.get(answer.size()-1).myColor = colour[floor(random(colour.length))];
    }
  }

  //the color pickers
  picker = new ArrayList <Square>();
  for (int i = 0; i < colour.length; i++) {
    picker.add(new Square(pickerCornerX + (i*pickerSize), pickerCornerY, pickerSize, pickerSize));
    picker.get(picker.size()-1).myColor = colour[picker.size()-1];
  }
}

void draw() {
  background(0);  //it's ok, the squares will draw themselves

  //let's draw the player's squares
  for (Square s : grid) {
    s.Render();
  }
  for (Square s : grid) {
    //I'm drawing the selected squared over the unselected ones so we see them better
    if (s.isSelected) {s.Render();}
  }

  //drawing the answer grid
  for (Square s : answer) {
    s.Render();
  }

  //drawing the color pickers
  for (Square s : picker) {
    s.Render();
  }
}

void mouseClicked() {
  //checking if is the player selecting squares
  for (Square s : grid) {
    if (s.ClickedOn(mouseX, mouseY)) {
      s.isSelected = !s.isSelected;
    }
  }

  //checking if the player is coloring squares. If so, coloring the squared and unselecting them
  for (Square p : picker) {
    if (p.ClickedOn(mouseX, mouseY)) {
      for (Square s : grid) {
        if (s.isSelected) {
          s.isSelected = false;
          s.myColor = p.myColor;
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

根据我从您的代码中读到的内容，我相信您将能够使用这些行来实现您的目标。你的代码表明你还有很多东西需要学习，但它仍然显示了很多 promise 。如果你自己完成这一切，那么我也相信你很快就会变得非常擅长。所以我不会列出你所做的每一件错误的小事或其他什么。你会在适当的时候学会的。

不要忘记学习的同时享受乐趣。这已经完成了一半以上的工作了!如果您有疑问，我会留下来。

------------------------------------------------------------ ----

这是一些基于您原始帖子的代码。它是“能够选择一列、一行和一个单元格”的实现，并在其中放置一些颜色，但没有任何类。

老实说，这比我昨天做的要难得多。

final color RED = #D12020;
final color BLUE = #515DD8;
final color GREEN = #21AF20;
final color YELLOW = #F5EF74;
final color ORANGE = #F59219;
final color PURPLE = #B219F5;
final color WHITE = #FFFFFF;
final int ROWS = 12;
final int COLUMNS = 8;
final int BLOCK_SIZE = 40;
int blockSize;
int spacing;
int cornerX;
int cornerY;
int size;
int space;
int cell = -1;
int col = -1;
int row = -1;
color[] colour = {RED, BLUE, GREEN, YELLOW, ORANGE, PURPLE, WHITE};

//I added these variables. The color array is 2 dimentional, so you can use it like if it had grid coordinates (square [0][2] is third on the first line)
PVector square_selected;  //this will hold the grid coordinates of the currently selected square, or -1 for "nothing"
color[][] square_color;
int columnSelected = -1;
int rowSelected = -1;

void setup() {
  size(1000, 1000);
  background(0);
  cornerX = width/8;
  cornerY = height/8;
  size = height/33;
  space = width/100;
  targetImage();

  //initializing the new array
  square_color = new color[COLUMNS][ROWS];
  for (int i=0; i<COLUMNS; i++) {
    for (int j=0; j<ROWS; j++) {
      square_color[i][j] = color(0);
    }
  }
  square_selected = new PVector(-1, -1);

  //You might have heard about this or not, but as a general rule global variables are shunned upon. That's because when the program becomes more complex, they become exponentially harder to control,
  //and can cause unexpected behavior. No joke, Toyota programmers actually caused death because of these (search for "Toyota spaghetti code" if you're curious)
  //So I'm initializing these here and removing the places where the code would change them unexpectedly.
  //You may have had a better idea of what you're doing that I do, though, so you can chalk up this decision to my coding preferences.
  blockSize = width/20;
  spacing = width/200;
}

void draw() {
  background(0);
  grid();
  colourCells();
  //selectCell();
  columnSelectors();
  rowSelectors();
  counter();
}

//draws the colour selectors
void colourCells() {
  int colourBlocks = 7;
  int squareX = blockSize;
  for (int i=0; i < colourBlocks; i++) {
    stroke(167);
    fill(colour[i]);
    rect(squareX, 0, blockSize, blockSize);
    squareX += spacing+blockSize;
  }
}

//draws the grid
void grid() {
  for (int i=0; i<ROWS; i++) {
    for (int j=0; j<COLUMNS; j++) {
      stroke(167);
      fill(square_color[j][i]);
      rect(cornerX + (BLOCK_SIZE * j), cornerY + (BLOCK_SIZE * i), BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE);
    }
  }
  //drawing the selected square over the others
  if (square_selected.x > -1) {
    stroke(RED);
    fill(square_color[(int)square_selected.x][(int)square_selected.y]);
    rect(cornerX + (BLOCK_SIZE * (int)square_selected.x), cornerY + (BLOCK_SIZE * (int)square_selected.y), BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE);
  }
}

//creates the circular column selectors
void columnSelectors() {

  int columnX = (cornerX) + (size/2) + (space/2);
  int columnY = (cornerY) - (size/2) - space;

  noFill();
  for ( int i = 0; i<COLUMNS; i++) {
    if (i == columnSelected) {
      stroke(RED);
    } else {
      stroke(167);
    }
    ellipse(columnX, columnY, size, size);
    columnX += size + space;
  }
}

//creates the circular row selectors
void rowSelectors() {

  int rowX = (cornerX) - (size/2) - space;
  int rowY = (cornerY) + (size/2) + (space/2);
  noFill(); 

  for ( int j = 0; j<ROWS; j ++) {
    if (j == rowSelected) {
      stroke(RED);
    } else {
      stroke(167);
    }
    ellipse(rowX, rowY, size, size);
    rowY += size + space;
  }
}

//creates the score counter at the bottom of canvas
void counter() {
  float x = width/3;
  float y = 4*height/5;
  float boxLength = width/3;
  float boxHeight = height/20;
  int counter = 0;
  fill(255);
  rect(x, y, boxLength, boxHeight);
  String counterText = "Num Moves: " + counter;
  fill(0);
  textSize(40);
  text(counterText, x + (boxLength*1/14.0), y + (boxHeight*3/4.0));
}

//loads in a random target image
void targetImage() {
  float y = height/5;
  float x = width/2;
  String [] file = {"target0.png", "target1.png", "target2.png", "target3.png", "target4.png"};
  PImage target;// create a variable that can point to an off-screen buffer
  String filename = file[int(random(0, 4))]; //"target" + int(random(0,4)) + ".png";// create filename
  target = loadImage(filename);// load image file into off-screen buffer
  //image(target, x, y, width/3.125, height/2.08);// display the buffer on canvas at location x, y
}

//allows the user to select/deselect a column
int selectColumn() {
  int x;
  int xPos= mouseX - cornerX;
  x = xPos/(size+space);
  if (x == col)
    return -1;
  else
    return x;
}

//allows the user to select/deselect a row
int selectRow() {

  int y;
  int yPos= mouseY - cornerY;
  y = yPos/(size+space);
  if (y == row)
    return -1;
  else
    return y;
}

//mouse click functions for selecting cells/rows/columns/colour
void mouseClicked() {
  //user is clicking inside the grid
  if (mouseX > cornerX && mouseY > cornerY && mouseX < cornerX + COLUMNS*BLOCK_SIZE 
    && mouseY < cornerY + ROWS*BLOCK_SIZE) {
    //cell = cellSelected();
    square_selected.x = floor((mouseX - cornerX)/BLOCK_SIZE);
    square_selected.y = floor((mouseY - cornerY)/BLOCK_SIZE);
  }

  //user is selectong a column
  if (mouseX > cornerX && mouseY > (cornerY - (space + size)) && mouseX < cornerX + COLUMNS*BLOCK_SIZE 
    && mouseY < cornerY) {
    if (columnSelected == selectColumn()) {
      columnSelected = -1;
    } else {
      columnSelected = selectColumn();
    }
  }

  //user is selecting a row
  if (mouseX > (cornerX - (space + size)) && mouseY > cornerY && mouseX < cornerX 
    && mouseY < cornerY + ROWS*BLOCK_SIZE) {
    if (rowSelected == selectRow()) {
      rowSelected = -1;
    } else {
      rowSelected = selectRow();
    }
  }

  //user is picking a color
  if (mouseY < blockSize) {
    //validating the color
    for (int c = 0; c < colour.length; c++) {
      if (get(mouseX, mouseY) == colour[c]) {
        //if a square has been selected
        if (square_selected.x > -1) {
          square_color[(int)square_selected.x][(int)square_selected.y] = colour[c];
          square_selected = new PVector(-1,-1);
        }

        //if a row has been selected
        if (rowSelected > -1) {          
          for (int i = 0; i < COLUMNS; i++) {
            square_color[i][rowSelected] = colour[c];
          }
          rowSelected = -1;
        }

        //if a column has been selected
        if (columnSelected > -1) {          
          for (int i = 0; i < ROWS; i++) {
            square_color[columnSelected][i] = colour[c];
          }
          columnSelected = -1;
        }
        break;
      }
    }    
  }
}

诀窍是保持一切整洁并避免意外的变化。要认识到这一点，一些良好的工作习惯会有很大帮助。习惯如下:

• 注释代码
• 将任务拆分为命名良好的函数(请记住，函数越小越好，因为它们更人性化!)
• 保持变量整洁
• 良好的代码格式

所以，您将在代码中看到它，但基本上我只是添加几个变量，它们将跟踪方 block 的颜色以及当前选择的单元格或行/列。我还调整了绘制对象的函数，因此颜色取决于属性(在我刚才提到的变量中)，而不仅仅是程序在发生时绘制的东西 - 因此循环的新迭代不会删除它们。哦，由于这些更改，我删除了不再需要的功能。

和上次一样，我会留下来，所以如果有任何不明白或你不明白的问题，请不要犹豫，提出问题。玩得开心!