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我已经构建了一个 Java API,目前可以将条目添加到 H2 数据库并检索所有条目。我根据本教程构建了应用程序:http://www.springboottutorial.com/spring-boot-crud-rest-service-with-jpa-hibernate
这是我编写的代码:
Offer.java
package com.java.api.offers.SpringBootOffers.Offer;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
@Entity
public class Offer {
@Id
@GeneratedValue
private int id;
private String description;
private int price;
public Offer(){
super();
}
public Offer(int id, String description, int price) {
super();
this.id = id;
this.description = description;
this.price = price;
}
public int getId(){
return id;
}
public void setId(int id){
this.id = id;
}
public String getDescription(){
return description;
}
public void setDescription(String desc){
this.description = desc;
}
public int getPrice(){
return price;
}
public void setPrice(int price){
this.price = price;
}
}
OfferController.java
package com.java.api.offers.SpringBootOffers.Offer;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.ServletUriComponentsBuilder;
import java.net.URI;
import java.util.List;
@RestController
public class OfferController {
@Autowired
private OfferRepository offerRepository;
@GetMapping("/offers")
public List<Offer> getAllOffers() {
return offerRepository.findAll();
}
@PostMapping("/offers")
public ResponseEntity<Object> createStudent(@RequestBody Offer offer) {
Offer savedOffer = offerRepository.save(offer);
URI location = ServletUriComponentsBuilder.fromCurrentRequest().path("/{id}")
.buildAndExpand(savedOffer.getId()).toUri();
return ResponseEntity.created(location).build();
}
}
OfferRepository.java
package com.java.api.offers.SpringBootOffers.Offer;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
@Repository
public interface OfferRepository extends JpaRepository<Offer, Long> {};
我现在正在尝试对 GET 和 POST 方法进行单元测试,但是我不确定它是如何工作的。我编写了以下测试:
package com.java.api.offers.SpringBootOffers;
import com.java.api.offers.SpringBootOffers.Offer.Offer;
import com.java.api.offers.SpringBootOffers.Offer.OfferController;
import com.java.api.offers.SpringBootOffers.Offer.OfferRepository;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpUriRequest;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.assertj.core.api.Assertions;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import java.io.IOException;
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@WebMvcTest(value = OfferController.class)
public class SpringBootOffersApplicationTests {
@Autowired
private OfferRepository offerRepository;
@Test
public void getAllOffers() throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
Offer offer = new Offer();
HttpUriRequest request = new HttpGet("http://localhost:8080/offers");
HttpResponse httpResponse = HttpClientBuilder.create().build().execute(request);
Assertions.assertThat(httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode()).isEqualTo(HttpStatus.SC_NOT_FOUND);
}
}
失败并显示以下错误消息:
java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:125)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:108)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:117)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:83)
at org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.SpringBootDependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(SpringBootDependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:44)
at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:246)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:227)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:291)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:246)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:97)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:190)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:47)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:242)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:70)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'offerController': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'offerRepository'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.java.api.offers.SpringBootOffers.Offer.OfferRepository' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:586)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:91)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:372)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1341)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:572)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:495)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:317)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:222)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:315)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:199)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:759)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:869)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:550)
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:762)
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:398)
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:330)
at org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootContextLoader.loadContext(SpringBootContextLoader.java:139)
at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:99)
at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:117)
... 25 more
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.java.api.offers.SpringBootOffers.Offer.OfferRepository' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1506)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1101)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1062)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:583)
... 43 more
我对 Java 还很陌生,所以仍在尝试弄清楚如何测试 API,所以任何人都可以帮助解决上述错误消息,或者一般帮助如何在 java 中正确测试 http 方法。
谢谢!
最佳答案
我根据@DarranForsythe评论更改了答案,并将您的测试源代码更改为Spring方式。
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.*;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers.*;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.*;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcTest;
import org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockBean;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@WebMvcTest(value = OfferController.class)
public class SpringBootOffersApplicationTests {
@MockBean
private OfferRepository offerRepository;
@Autowired
private WebApplicationContext webApplicationContext;
protected MockMvc mockMvc;
@Before
public void setup() throws Exception
{
this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(webApplicationContext).build();
}
@Test
public void getAllOffers() throws Exception {
this.mockMvc.perform(get("/offers"))
.andExpect(status().is2xxSuccessful())
.andDo(print());
}
}
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