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sql - 在不存在的地方插入值

转载 作者:行者123 更新时间:2023-12-01 19:40:27 25 4
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好的,所以我正在尝试改进我的 asp 数据输入页面,以确保进入数据表的条目是唯一的。

因此,在此表中我有 SoftwareName 和 SoftwareType。我试图获取它,因此如果入口页面发送一个插入查询,其参数与表中的内容匹配(因此标题和类型相同),则会抛出错误并且不会输入数据。

类似这样的事情:

INSERT INTO tblSoftwareTitles( 
SoftwareName,
SoftwareSystemType)
VALUES(@SoftwareName,@SoftwareType)
WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT SoftwareName
FROM tblSoftwareTitles
WHERE Softwarename = @SoftwareName
AND SoftwareType = @Softwaretype)

因此,这种语法非常适合从一个表中选择列到另一个表中,而无需输入重复项,但似乎不想使用参数化插入查询。谁能帮我解决这个问题吗?

编辑:

这是我在 ASP 插入方法中使用的代码

    private void ExecuteInsert(string name, string type)
{
//Creates a new connection using the HWM string
using (SqlConnection HWM = new SqlConnection(GetConnectionStringHWM()))
{
//Creates a sql string with parameters
string sql = " INSERT INTO tblSoftwareTitles( "
+ " SoftwareName, "
+ " SoftwareSystemType) "
+ " SELECT "
+ " @SoftwareName, "
+ " @SoftwareType "
+ " WHERE NOT EXISTS "
+ " ( SELECT 1 "
+ " FROM tblSoftwareTitles "
+ " WHERE Softwarename = @SoftwareName "
+ " AND SoftwareSystemType = @Softwaretype); ";

//Opens the connection
HWM.Open();
try
{
//Creates a Sql command
using (SqlCommand addSoftware = new SqlCommand{
CommandType = CommandType.Text,
Connection = HWM,
CommandTimeout = 300,
CommandText = sql})
{
//adds parameters to the Sql command
addSoftware.Parameters.Add("@SoftwareName", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 200).Value = name;
addSoftware.Parameters.Add("@SoftwareType", SqlDbType.Int).Value = type;
//Executes the Sql
addSoftware.ExecuteNonQuery();
}
Alert.Show("Software title saved!");
}
catch (System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException ex)
{
string msg = "Insert Error:";
msg += ex.Message;
throw new Exception(msg);
}

}
}

最佳答案

您可以使用 IF 语句来执行此操作:

IF NOT EXISTS 
( SELECT 1
FROM tblSoftwareTitles
WHERE Softwarename = @SoftwareName
AND SoftwareSystemType = @Softwaretype
)
BEGIN
INSERT tblSoftwareTitles (SoftwareName, SoftwareSystemType)
VALUES (@SoftwareName, @SoftwareType)
END;

您可以使用SELECT在没有IF的情况下完成此操作

INSERT  tblSoftwareTitles (SoftwareName, SoftwareSystemType) 
SELECT @SoftwareName,@SoftwareType
WHERE NOT EXISTS
( SELECT 1
FROM tblSoftwareTitles
WHERE Softwarename = @SoftwareName
AND SoftwareSystemType = @Softwaretype
);

这两种方法都容易受到 race condition 的影响。 ,所以虽然我仍然会使用上述之一来插入,但您可以使用唯一约束来保护重复插入:

CREATE UNIQUE NONCLUSTERED INDEX UQ_tblSoftwareTitles_Softwarename_SoftwareSystemType
ON tblSoftwareTitles (SoftwareName, SoftwareSystemType);

<强> Example on SQL-Fiddle

<小时/>

附录

在 SQL Server 2008 或更高版本中,您可以将 MERGEHOLDLOCK 结合使用来消除出现竞争条件的可能性(这仍然不能替代唯一约束)。

MERGE tblSoftwareTitles WITH (HOLDLOCK) AS t
USING (VALUES (@SoftwareName, @SoftwareType)) AS s (SoftwareName, SoftwareSystemType)
ON s.Softwarename = t.SoftwareName
AND s.SoftwareSystemType = t.SoftwareSystemType
WHEN NOT MATCHED BY TARGET THEN
INSERT (SoftwareName, SoftwareSystemType)
VALUES (s.SoftwareName, s.SoftwareSystemType);

<强> Example of Merge on SQL Fiddle

关于sql - 在不存在的地方插入值,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/17991479/

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