wpf - VisualStateManager 没有像宣传的那样工作

Question

以下问题已经困扰我好几天了，但我只能将其提炼成最简单的形式。考虑以下 XAML:

<Window x:Class="VSMTest.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        Title="MainWindow" Height="350" Width="525">

    <Window.Resources>
        <Style TargetType="CheckBox">
            <Setter Property="Margin" Value="3"/>
            <Setter Property="Template">
                <Setter.Value>
                    <ControlTemplate TargetType="CheckBox">
                        <Grid x:Name="Root">
                            <Grid.Background>
                                <SolidColorBrush x:Name="brush" Color="White"/>
                            </Grid.Background>

                            <VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups>
                                <VisualStateGroup Name="CheckStates">
                                    <VisualStateGroup.Transitions>
                                        <VisualTransition To="Checked" GeneratedDuration="00:00:03">
                                            <Storyboard Name="CheckingStoryboard">
                                                <ColorAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetName="brush" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Color">
                                                    <DiscreteColorKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="LightGreen"/>
                                                </ColorAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
                                            </Storyboard>
                                        </VisualTransition>

                                        <VisualTransition To="Unchecked" GeneratedDuration="00:00:03">
                                            <Storyboard Name="UncheckingStoryboard">
                                                <ColorAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetName="brush" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Color">
                                                    <DiscreteColorKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="LightSalmon"/>
                                                </ColorAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
                                            </Storyboard>
                                        </VisualTransition>
                                    </VisualStateGroup.Transitions>

                                    <VisualState Name="Checked">
                                        <Storyboard Name="CheckedStoryboard" Duration="0">
                                            <ColorAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetName="brush" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Color">
                                                <DiscreteColorKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="Green"/>
                                            </ColorAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
                                        </Storyboard>
                                    </VisualState>

                                    <VisualState Name="Unchecked">
                                        <Storyboard Name="UncheckedStoryboard" Duration="0">
                                            <ColorAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetName="brush" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Color">
                                                <DiscreteColorKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="Red"/>
                                            </ColorAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
                                        </Storyboard>
                                    </VisualState>
                                </VisualStateGroup>
                            </VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups>

                            <ContentPresenter/>
                        </Grid>
                    </ControlTemplate>
                </Setter.Value>
            </Setter>
        </Style>
    </Window.Resources>

    <StackPanel>
        <CheckBox x:Name="cb1">Check Box 1</CheckBox>
        <CheckBox x:Name="cb2">Check Box 2</CheckBox>
        <CheckBox x:Name="cb3">Check Box 3</CheckBox>
    </StackPanel>
</Window>

它只是重新模板化 CheckBox 控件，以便其背景取决于其状态:

• 选中 = 绿色
• 未选中 = 红色
• 检查(过渡)= 浅绿色
• 取消选中(转换)= 浅红色

因此，当您选中其中一个复选框时，您会期望它会在短时间内变为浅绿色，然后变为绿色。同样，取消选中时，您会期望它会在短时间内变成浅红色，然后变成红色。

它通常就是这样做的。 但并非总是如此。

使用该程序足够长的时间(我可以在大约 30 秒内完成)，您会发现过渡动画有时胜过视觉状态。也就是说，复选框在选中时将继续显示浅绿色，而在未选中时将继续显示浅红色。下面的屏幕截图说明了我的意思，是在转换配置为 3 秒后拍摄的:

当发生这种情况时，不是，因为控件没有成功转换到目标状态。它声称处于正确的状态。我通过在调试器中检查以下内容来验证这一点(对于上面屏幕截图记录的特定情况):

var vsgs = VisualStateManager.GetVisualStateGroups(VisualTreeHelper.GetChild(this.cb2, 0) as FrameworkElement);
var vsg = vsgs[0];
// this is correctly reported as "Unselected"
var currentState = vsg.CurrentState.Name;

如果我启用动画跟踪，当转换成功完成时我会得到以下输出:

System.Windows.Media.Animation Start: 1 : Storyboard has begun; Storyboard='System.Windows.Media.Animation.Storyboard'; Storyboard.HashCode='44177654'; Storyboard.Type='System.Windows.Media.Animation.Storyboard'; StoryboardName='UncheckedStoryboard'; TargetElement='System.Windows.Controls.Grid'; TargetElement.HashCode='41837403'; TargetElement.Type='System.Windows.Controls.Grid'; NameScope='<null>'
System.Windows.Media.Animation Stop: 1 : 
System.Windows.Media.Animation Start: 1 : Storyboard has begun; Storyboard='System.Windows.Media.Animation.Storyboard'; Storyboard.HashCode='6148812'; Storyboard.Type='System.Windows.Media.Animation.Storyboard'; StoryboardName='UncheckedStoryboard'; TargetElement='System.Windows.Controls.Grid'; TargetElement.HashCode='8261103'; TargetElement.Type='System.Windows.Controls.Grid'; NameScope='<null>'
System.Windows.Media.Animation Stop: 1 : 
System.Windows.Media.Animation Start: 1 : Storyboard has begun; Storyboard='System.Windows.Media.Animation.Storyboard'; Storyboard.HashCode='36205315'; Storyboard.Type='System.Windows.Media.Animation.Storyboard'; StoryboardName='UncheckedStoryboard'; TargetElement='System.Windows.Controls.Grid'; TargetElement.HashCode='18626439'; TargetElement.Type='System.Windows.Controls.Grid'; NameScope='<null>'
System.Windows.Media.Animation Stop: 1 : 
System.Windows.Media.Animation Start: 3 : Storyboard has been removed; Storyboard='System.Windows.Media.Animation.Storyboard'; Storyboard.HashCode='44177654'; Storyboard.Type='System.Windows.Media.Animation.Storyboard'; StoryboardName='UncheckedStoryboard'; TargetElement='System.Windows.Controls.Grid'; TargetElement.HashCode='41837403'; TargetElement.Type='System.Windows.Controls.Grid'
System.Windows.Media.Animation Stop: 3 : 
System.Windows.Media.Animation Start: 1 : Storyboard has begun; Storyboard='System.Windows.Media.Animation.Storyboard'; Storyboard.HashCode='36893403'; Storyboard.Type='System.Windows.Media.Animation.Storyboard'; StoryboardName='CheckingStoryboard'; TargetElement='System.Windows.Controls.Grid'; TargetElement.HashCode='41837403'; TargetElement.Type='System.Windows.Controls.Grid'; NameScope='<null>'
System.Windows.Media.Animation Stop: 1 : 
System.Windows.Media.Animation Start: 1 : Storyboard has begun; Storyboard='System.Windows.Media.Animation.Storyboard'; Storyboard.HashCode='49590434'; Storyboard.Type='System.Windows.Media.Animation.Storyboard'; StoryboardName='<null>'; TargetElement='System.Windows.Controls.Grid'; TargetElement.HashCode='41837403'; TargetElement.Type='System.Windows.Controls.Grid'; NameScope='<null>'
System.Windows.Media.Animation Stop: 1 : 
System.Windows.Media.Animation Start: 3 : Storyboard has been removed; Storyboard='System.Windows.Media.Animation.Storyboard'; Storyboard.HashCode='36893403'; Storyboard.Type='System.Windows.Media.Animation.Storyboard'; StoryboardName='CheckingStoryboard'; TargetElement='System.Windows.Controls.Grid'; TargetElement.HashCode='41837403'; TargetElement.Type='System.Windows.Controls.Grid'
System.Windows.Media.Animation Stop: 3 : 
System.Windows.Media.Animation Start: 3 : Storyboard has been removed; Storyboard='System.Windows.Media.Animation.Storyboard'; Storyboard.HashCode='49590434'; Storyboard.Type='System.Windows.Media.Animation.Storyboard'; StoryboardName='<null>'; TargetElement='System.Windows.Controls.Grid'; TargetElement.HashCode='41837403'; TargetElement.Type='System.Windows.Controls.Grid'
System.Windows.Media.Animation Stop: 3 : 
System.Windows.Media.Animation Start: 1 : Storyboard has begun; Storyboard='System.Windows.Media.Animation.Storyboard'; Storyboard.HashCode='16977025'; Storyboard.Type='System.Windows.Media.Animation.Storyboard'; StoryboardName='CheckedStoryboard'; TargetElement='System.Windows.Controls.Grid'; TargetElement.HashCode='41837403'; TargetElement.Type='System.Windows.Controls.Grid'; NameScope='<null>'
System.Windows.Media.Animation Stop: 1 : 
System.Windows.Media.Animation Start: 3 : Storyboard has been removed; Storyboard='System.Windows.Media.Animation.Storyboard'; Storyboard.HashCode='16977025'; Storyboard.Type='System.Windows.Media.Animation.Storyboard'; StoryboardName='CheckedStoryboard'; TargetElement='System.Windows.Controls.Grid'; TargetElement.HashCode='41837403'; TargetElement.Type='System.Windows.Controls.Grid'
System.Windows.Media.Animation Stop: 3 : 
System.Windows.Media.Animation Start: 1 : Storyboard has begun; Storyboard='System.Windows.Media.Animation.Storyboard'; Storyboard.HashCode='16977025'; Storyboard.Type='System.Windows.Media.Animation.Storyboard'; StoryboardName='CheckedStoryboard'; TargetElement='System.Windows.Controls.Grid'; TargetElement.HashCode='41837403'; TargetElement.Type='System.Windows.Controls.Grid'; NameScope='<null>'
System.Windows.Media.Animation Stop: 1 : 

当转换未能成功完成时，我得到以下输出:

System.Windows.Media.Animation Start: 1 : Storyboard has begun; Storyboard='System.Windows.Media.Animation.Storyboard'; Storyboard.HashCode='44177654'; Storyboard.Type='System.Windows.Media.Animation.Storyboard'; StoryboardName='UncheckedStoryboard'; TargetElement='System.Windows.Controls.Grid'; TargetElement.HashCode='41837403'; TargetElement.Type='System.Windows.Controls.Grid'; NameScope='<null>'
System.Windows.Media.Animation Stop: 1 : 
System.Windows.Media.Animation Start: 1 : Storyboard has begun; Storyboard='System.Windows.Media.Animation.Storyboard'; Storyboard.HashCode='6148812'; Storyboard.Type='System.Windows.Media.Animation.Storyboard'; StoryboardName='UncheckedStoryboard'; TargetElement='System.Windows.Controls.Grid'; TargetElement.HashCode='8261103'; TargetElement.Type='System.Windows.Controls.Grid'; NameScope='<null>'
System.Windows.Media.Animation Stop: 1 : 
System.Windows.Media.Animation Start: 1 : Storyboard has begun; Storyboard='System.Windows.Media.Animation.Storyboard'; Storyboard.HashCode='36205315'; Storyboard.Type='System.Windows.Media.Animation.Storyboard'; StoryboardName='UncheckedStoryboard'; TargetElement='System.Windows.Controls.Grid'; TargetElement.HashCode='18626439'; TargetElement.Type='System.Windows.Controls.Grid'; NameScope='<null>'
System.Windows.Media.Animation Stop: 1 : 
System.Windows.Media.Animation Start: 3 : Storyboard has been removed; Storyboard='System.Windows.Media.Animation.Storyboard'; Storyboard.HashCode='44177654'; Storyboard.Type='System.Windows.Media.Animation.Storyboard'; StoryboardName='UncheckedStoryboard'; TargetElement='System.Windows.Controls.Grid'; TargetElement.HashCode='41837403'; TargetElement.Type='System.Windows.Controls.Grid'
System.Windows.Media.Animation Stop: 3 : 
System.Windows.Media.Animation Start: 1 : Storyboard has begun; Storyboard='System.Windows.Media.Animation.Storyboard'; Storyboard.HashCode='36893403'; Storyboard.Type='System.Windows.Media.Animation.Storyboard'; StoryboardName='CheckingStoryboard'; TargetElement='System.Windows.Controls.Grid'; TargetElement.HashCode='41837403'; TargetElement.Type='System.Windows.Controls.Grid'; NameScope='<null>'
System.Windows.Media.Animation Stop: 1 : 
System.Windows.Media.Animation Start: 1 : Storyboard has begun; Storyboard='System.Windows.Media.Animation.Storyboard'; Storyboard.HashCode='49590434'; Storyboard.Type='System.Windows.Media.Animation.Storyboard'; StoryboardName='<null>'; TargetElement='System.Windows.Controls.Grid'; TargetElement.HashCode='41837403'; TargetElement.Type='System.Windows.Controls.Grid'; NameScope='<null>'
System.Windows.Media.Animation Stop: 1 : 

前 12 行与转换成功时完全相同，但最后 10 行完全缺失!

我已阅读了所有能找到的 VSM 文档，但无法对这种不稳定的行为给出解释。

我是否可以假设这是 VSM 中的错误？此问题有任何已知的解释或解决方法吗？

Answer 1

我已经能够按如下方式识别并解决问题:

首先，我将我的 repro 项目降级到 .NET 3.5，并从 CodePlex 获取 WPF Toolkit 源代码。我将 WPF Toolkit 项目添加到我的解决方案中，并添加了 Repro 项目中对其的引用。

接下来，我运行该应用程序并确保我仍然可以重现该问题。果然，这很容易做到。

然后我破解了 VisualStateManager.cs 文件，并开始在关键位置添加一些诊断信息，这些诊断信息会告诉我哪些代码正在运行，哪些代码没有运行。通过添加这些诊断并比较良好转换和不良转换的输出，我很快就能识别出当问题出现时以下代码没有运行:

// Hook up generated Storyboard's Completed event handler
dynamicTransition.Completed += delegate
{
    if (transition.Storyboard == null ||
        transition.ExplicitStoryboardCompleted)
    {
        if (ShouldRunStateStoryboard(control, element, state, group))
        {
            group.StartNewThenStopOld(element, state.Storyboard);
        }

        group.RaiseCurrentStateChanged(element, lastState, state,
                                        control);
    }

    transition.DynamicStoryboardCompleted = true;
};

因此，该错误的性质从 VSM 中的问题转变为 Storyboard.Completed 事件中并不总是引发的问题。这是我以前经历过的一个问题，对于任何在动画方面做任何稍微不寻常的事情的 WPF 开发人员来说，这似乎都是一个令人焦虑的根源。

在整个过程中，我将我的发现发布在 WPF Disciples google group 上，就在此时Pavan Podila用这个 gem 回应:

Kent,

I have had problems in the past for storyboards not firing their completed events. What I have realized is that if you replace a Storyboard directly, without first stopping it, you may see some out-of-order Completed events. In my case I was applying newer Storyboards to the same FrameworkElement, without stopping the earlier Storyboard and that was giving me some issues. Not sure if your case is similar but thought I'll share this tidbit.

Pavan

有了这种洞察力，我在 VisualStateManager.cs 中更改了这一行:

group.StartNewThenStopOld(element, transition.Storyboard, dynamicTransition); 

对此:

var masterStoryboard = new Storyboard();

if (transition.Storyboard != null)
{
    masterStoryboard.Children.Add(transition.Storyboard);
}

masterStoryboard.Children.Add(dynamicTransition);
group.StartNewThenStopOld(element, masterStoryboard);

而且 - 你瞧 - 我的重现以前间歇性失败，现在每次都能正常工作!

所以，这确实可以解决 WPF 动画子系统中的错误或奇怪行为。