delphi - 以低级方式修改或删除文本文件中的一行？

Question

我正在 Delphi 中处理文本文件，并且我不希望使用加载/保存字符串列表的方法。我打算维护一个开放的文件流，在其中读取和写入数据，将大量数据保存在硬盘上而不是内存中。我有一个简单的概念，即向文本文件写入新行并读取它们，但是当涉及到修改和删除它们时，我找不到任何好的资源。

该文件中的每一行都包含一个名称和等号，其余的是数据。例如，SOMEUNIQUENAME=SomeStringValue。我打算在线程内保持文件打开一段时间。该线程执行传入请求以获取、设置或删除某些数据字段。我在循环中使用 WriteLn 和 ReadLn 来评估 EOF。下面是我如何读取数据的示例:

FFile = TextFile;

...

function TFileWrapper.ReadData(const Name: String): String;
var
  S: String; //Temporary line to be parsed
  N: String; //Temporary name of field
begin
  Result:= '';
  Reset(FFile);
  while not EOF(FFile) do begin
    ReadLn(FFile, S);
    N:= UpperCase(Copy(S, 1, Pos('=', S)-1));
    if N = UpperCase(Name) then begin
      Delete(S, 1, Pos('=', S));
      Result:= S;
      Break;
    end;
  end;
end;

...然后我触发一个事件，通知发送者结果。这些请求位于队列内，该队列有点像这些请求的消息泵。该线程只是重复处理队列中的下一个请求，类似于典型应用程序的工作方式。

我已经准备好了能够写入和删除这些字段的程序，但我不知道需要做什么才能实际对文件执行操作。

procedure TFileWrapper.WriteData(const Name, Value: String);
var
  S: String; //Temporary line to be parsed
  N: String; //Temporary name of field
begin
  Result:= '';
  Reset(FFile);
  while not EOF(FFile) do begin
    ReadLn(FFile, S);
    N:= UpperCase(Copy(S, 1, Pos('=', S)-1));
    if N = UpperCase(Name) then begin
      //How to re-write this line?
      Break;
    end;
  end;
end;

procedure TFileWrapper.DeleteData(const Name: String);
var
  S: String; //Temporary line to be parsed
  N: String; //Temporary name of field
begin
  Result:= '';
  Reset(FFile);
  while not EOF(FFile) do begin
    ReadLn(FFile, S);
    N:= UpperCase(Copy(S, 1, Pos('=', S)-1));
    if N = UpperCase(Name) then begin
      //How to delete this line?
      Break;
    end;
  end;
end;

最后，我需要避免将整个文件加载到内存中才能完成此任务。

Answer 1

我发现这是一个有趣的问题，所以我制作了一个小型控制台应用程序。

我用了3种方法:

• TStringList
• 流读取器/流写入器
• 文本文件

所有方法均以大小为 10kb 的文本文件和大小为 1Mb 的文本文件计时并重复 100 次。程序如下:

program Project16;

{$APPTYPE CONSOLE}

uses
  SysUtils, Classes, StrUtils, Diagnostics, IOUtils;

procedure DeleteLine(StrList: TStringList; SearchPattern: String);

var
  Index : Integer;

begin
 for Index := 0 to StrList.Count-1 do
  begin
   if ContainsText(StrList[Index], SearchPattern) then
    begin
     StrList.Delete(Index);
     Break;
    end;
  end;
end;

procedure DeleteLineWithStringList(Filename : string; SearchPattern : String);

var StrList : TStringList;

begin
 StrList := TStringList.Create;
 try
  StrList.LoadFromFile(Filename);
  DeleteLine(StrList, SearchPattern);
  // don't overwrite our input file so we can test
  StrList.SaveToFile(TPath.ChangeExtension(Filename, '.new'));
 finally
  StrList.Free;
 end;
end;

procedure DeleteLineWithStreamReaderAndWriter(Filename : string; SearchPattern : String);

var
  Reader    : TStreamReader;
  Writer    : TStreamWriter;
  Line      : String;
  DoSearch  : Boolean;
  DoWrite   : Boolean;

begin
 Reader := TStreamReader.Create(Filename);
 Writer := TStreamWriter.Create(TPath.ChangeExtension(Filename, '.new'));
 try
  DoSearch := True;
  DoWrite := True;
  while Reader.Peek >= 0 do
   begin
    Line := Reader.ReadLine;
    if DoSearch then
     begin
      DoSearch := not ContainsText(Line, SearchPattern);
      DoWrite := DoSearch;
     end;
    if DoWrite then
     Writer.WriteLine(Line)
    else
     DoWrite := True;
   end;
 finally
  Reader.Free;
  Writer.Free;
 end;
end;

procedure DeleteLineWithTextFile(Filename : string; SearchPattern : String);

var
 InFile    : TextFile;
 OutFile   : TextFile;
 Line      : String;
 DoSearch  : Boolean;
 DoWrite   : Boolean;


begin
 AssignFile(InFile, Filename);
 AssignFile(OutFile, TPath.ChangeExtension(Filename, '.new'));
 Reset(InFile);
 Rewrite(OutFile);
 try
  DoSearch := True;
  DoWrite := True;
  while not EOF(InFile) do
   begin
    Readln(InFile, Line);
    if DoSearch then
     begin
      DoSearch := not ContainsText(Line, SearchPattern);
      DoWrite := DoSearch;
     end;
    if DoWrite then
     Writeln(OutFile, Line)
    else
     DoWrite := True;
   end;
 finally
  CloseFile(InFile);
  CloseFile(OutFile);
 end;
end;

procedure TimeDeleteLineWithStreamReaderAndWriter(Iterations : Integer);

var
  Count : Integer;
  Sw    : TStopWatch;

begin
 Writeln(Format('Delete line with stream reader/writer - file 10kb, %d iterations', [Iterations]));
 Sw := TStopwatch.StartNew;
 for Count := 1 to Iterations do
  DeleteLineWithStreamReaderAndWriter('c:\temp\text10kb.txt', 'thislinewillbedeleted=');
 Sw.Stop;
 Writeln(Format('Elapsed time : %d milliseconds', [Sw.ElapsedMilliseconds]));
 Writeln(Format('Delete line with stream reader/writer - file 1Mb, %d iterations', [Iterations]));
 Sw := TStopwatch.StartNew;
 for Count := 1 to Iterations do
  DeleteLineWithStreamReaderAndWriter('c:\temp\text1Mb.txt', 'thislinewillbedeleted=');
 Sw.Stop;
 Writeln(Format('Elapsed time : %d milliseconds', [Sw.ElapsedMilliseconds]));
end;

procedure TimeDeleteLineWithStringList(Iterations : Integer);

var
  Count : Integer;
  Sw    : TStopWatch;

begin
 Writeln(Format('Delete line with TStringlist - file 10kb, %d iterations', [Iterations]));
 Sw := TStopwatch.StartNew;
 for Count := 1 to Iterations do
  DeleteLineWithStringList('c:\temp\text10kb.txt', 'thislinewillbedeleted=');
 Sw.Stop;
 Writeln(Format('Elapsed time : %d milliseconds', [Sw.ElapsedMilliseconds]));
 Writeln(Format('Delete line with TStringlist - file 1Mb, %d iterations', [Iterations]));
 Sw := TStopwatch.StartNew;
 for Count := 1 to Iterations do
  DeleteLineWithStringList('c:\temp\text1Mb.txt', 'thislinewillbedeleted=');
 Sw.Stop;
 Writeln(Format('Elapsed time : %d milliseconds', [Sw.ElapsedMilliseconds]));
end;

procedure TimeDeleteLineWithTextFile(Iterations : Integer);

var
  Count : Integer;
  Sw    : TStopWatch;

begin
 Writeln(Format('Delete line with text file - file 10kb, %d iterations', [Iterations]));
 Sw := TStopwatch.StartNew;
 for Count := 1 to Iterations do
  DeleteLineWithTextFile('c:\temp\text10kb.txt', 'thislinewillbedeleted=');
 Sw.Stop;
 Writeln(Format('Elapsed time : %d milliseconds', [Sw.ElapsedMilliseconds]));
 Writeln(Format('Delete line with text file - file 1Mb, %d iterations', [Iterations]));
 Sw := TStopwatch.StartNew;
 for Count := 1 to Iterations do
  DeleteLineWithTextFile('c:\temp\text1Mb.txt', 'thislinewillbedeleted=');
 Sw.Stop;
 Writeln(Format('Elapsed time : %d milliseconds', [Sw.ElapsedMilliseconds]));
end;

begin
  try
    TimeDeleteLineWithStringList(100);
    TimeDeleteLineWithStreamReaderAndWriter(100);
    TimeDeleteLineWithTextFile(100);
    Writeln('Press ENTER to quit');
    Readln;
  except
    on E: Exception do
      Writeln(E.ClassName, ': ', E.Message);
  end;
end.

输出:

Delete line with TStringlist - file 10kb, 100 iterations
Elapsed time : 188 milliseconds
Delete line with TStringlist - file 1Mb, 100 iterations
Elapsed time : 5137 milliseconds
Delete line with stream reader/writer - file 10kb, 100 iterations
Elapsed time : 456 milliseconds
Delete line with stream reader/writer - file 1Mb, 100 iterations
Elapsed time : 22382 milliseconds
Delete line with text file - file 10kb, 100 iterations
Elapsed time : 250 milliseconds
Delete line with text file - file 1Mb, 100 iterations
Elapsed time : 9656 milliseconds
Press ENTER to quit

正如您所看到的，TStringList 是这里的获胜者。既然您无法使用 TStringList，那么 TextFile 毕竟是一个不错的选择...

附注:此代码省略了必须删除输入文件并将输出文件重命名为原始文件名的部分