java - Java 中的关键事件 - 初学者帮助

Question

因此，我在学习 Java 的同时一直在编写一个简单的程序，该程序会显示一个小矩形屏幕，上面有一个正在移动的圆圈。背景和圆圈也会改变颜色和速​​度。

现在我正在尝试添加KeyEvents，这样当用户键入字符时，圆圈就会改变方向。我已经尝试掌握 KeyEvent 功能几个小时了，但我陷入了困境。

如何更改以下代码以使程序响应键盘输入:

import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.geom.Ellipse2D;
import java.awt.geom.Rectangle2D;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.JFrame;

public class MovingCircle3 extends JFrame implements ActionListener {

    Ellipse2D.Double myEllipse;
    Rectangle2D.Double backgroundRectangle;
    private int paintTally = 0;     // Counts # of repaints.
    private int timerSpeed = 500;   // Holds speed of timer. Initially: 500ms.
    private Timer timerOjbect;
    private char shapeMoveInput = 'd';

    public MovingCircle3() {
        myEllipse = new Ellipse2D.Double(30, 30, 20, 20); // Ellipse starting point
        backgroundRectangle = new Rectangle2D.Double(0, 0, 400, 300); // Background.
        this.timerOjbect = new Timer(500, this);
        timerOjbect.start();                 //Creates and starts timer.
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.print("Game Controls: \n  l = Move left. \n  r = Move right. \n  u = Move up. \n  d = Move down. \n    ENTER COMMAND: ");    // Game controls.

        MovingCircle3 b = new MovingCircle3();

        b.setVisible(true);
        b.setSize(400, 300);
        b.setVisible(true);
        b.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
        try {
            shapeMoveInput = e.getKeyChar();
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            shapeMoveInput = 'd';
        }
    }

    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) {
        //This will be called by the Timer
        if (shapeMoveInput == 'l') {
            myEllipse.setFrame(myEllipse.getX() - 1, myEllipse.getY(), myEllipse.getWidth(), myEllipse.getHeight());   //Move 1 x-pixel left 
        } else if (shapeMoveInput == 'r') {
            myEllipse.setFrame(myEllipse.getX() + 1, myEllipse.getY(), myEllipse.getWidth(), myEllipse.getHeight());   //Move 1 x-pixel right
        } else if (shapeMoveInput == 'u') {
            myEllipse.setFrame(myEllipse.getX(), myEllipse.getY() - 1, myEllipse.getWidth(), myEllipse.getHeight());   //Move 1 y-pixel up
        } else if (shapeMoveInput == 'd') {
            myEllipse.setFrame(myEllipse.getX(), myEllipse.getY() + 1, myEllipse.getWidth(), myEllipse.getHeight());   //Move 1 y-pixel
        }
        repaint();
    }

    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        paintTally++; // Increments by one for every repaint().
        if (paintTally % 25 == 0) { // Take modulus 25 of paintTally to execute every 25 paints.
            timerSpeed = (int) (timerSpeed / 2);
            timerOjbect.setDelay(timerSpeed); // Divide speed by 2 and see to timer length.  
        }
        int isPaintTen = (int) (paintTally / 10);  // Divide current count by 10.
        Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) g;
        if ((isPaintTen % 2) == 0) { // Take modulus to set if #/10 is odd or even.
            g2.setColor(Color.YELLOW);
            g2.fill(backgroundRectangle);
            g2.setColor(Color.RED);
            g2.draw(myEllipse);

        } else if ((isPaintTen % 2) == 1) {
            g2.setColor(Color.RED);
            g2.fill(backgroundRectangle);
            g2.setColor(Color.YELLOW);
            g2.draw(myEllipse);
        }
    }
}

Answer 1

1)你永远不应该(除非你真的知道你在做什么)重写JFrame的paint方法。自定义绘制是通过重写 JPanel 的 PaintComponent(...) 方法来完成的。然后将自定义面板添加到 JFrame。您在原始帖子的评论中给出了 Swing 教程的链接。请阅读“自定义绘画”部分以获取更多信息和工作示例。

2) 然后您需要将 KeyListener 添加到面板。但是，KeyEvent 仅传递给具有焦点的组件，因此您需要使用面板上的 setFocusable(...) 方法使面板可聚焦。

但是，KeyListener 并不是解决此问题的正确方法。您应该使用比使用 KeyListener 灵活得多的键绑定(bind)。 Swing 教程中再次有一个关于“如何使用键绑定(bind)”的部分。