- html - 出于某种原因,IE8 对我的 Sass 文件中继承的 html5 CSS 不友好?
- JMeter 在响应断言中使用 span 标签的问题
- html - 在 :hover and :active? 上具有不同效果的 CSS 动画
- html - 相对于居中的 html 内容固定的 CSS 重复背景?
如果您的应用程序需要数据库并且它带有内置数据,那么发布该应用程序的最佳方式是什么?我应该:
预先创建 SQLite 数据库并将其包含在 .apk
中?
在应用程序中包含 SQL 命令并让它创建数据库并在首次使用时插入数据?
我看到的缺点是:
可能的 SQLite 版本不匹配可能会导致问题,而且我目前不知道数据库应该放在哪里以及如何访问它。
在设备上创建和填充数据库可能需要很长时间。
有什么建议吗?如果您能提供有关任何问题的文档,我们将不胜感激。
最佳答案
有两个选项用于创建和更新数据库。
一种是在外部创建一个数据库,然后将其放在项目的assets文件夹中,然后从那里复制整个数据库。如果数据库有很多表和其他组件,这会快得多。 通过更改 res/values/strings.xml 文件中的数据库版本号来触发升级。然后通过在外部创建新数据库、替换旧数据库来完成升级在包含新数据库的 Assets 文件夹中,以另一个名称将旧数据库保存在内部存储中,将新数据库从 Assets 文件夹复制到内部存储中,将旧数据库(之前已重命名)中的所有数据传输到新数据库中数据库,最后删除旧数据库。您最初可以使用SQLite Manager FireFox插件来执行您的创建sql语句来创建数据库。
另一个选项是从 sql 文件内部创建数据库。这不是那么快,但如果数据库只有几个表,用户可能不会注意到延迟。 通过更改 res/values/strings.xml 文件中的数据库版本号来触发升级。然后通过处理升级 sql 文件来完成升级。数据库中的数据将保持不变,除非其容器被删除,例如删除表。
下面的示例演示了如何使用任一方法。
这是一个示例 create_database.sql 文件。内部方法需要放在项目的assets文件夹下,或者复制到SQLite Manager的“执行SQL”中,为外部方法创建数据库。(注意:注意注释Android 所需的表。)
--Android requires a table named 'android_metadata' with a 'locale' column
CREATE TABLE "android_metadata" ("locale" TEXT DEFAULT 'en_US');
INSERT INTO "android_metadata" VALUES ('en_US');
CREATE TABLE "kitchen_table";
CREATE TABLE "coffee_table";
CREATE TABLE "pool_table";
CREATE TABLE "dining_room_table";
CREATE TABLE "card_table";
这是一个示例 update_database.sql 文件。对于内部方法,需要将其放置在项目的 asset 文件夹中,或者复制到 SQLite Manager 的“执行 SQL”中,为外部方法创建数据库。(注意:所有三种类型SQL 注释将被本示例中包含的 SQL 解析器忽略。)
--CREATE TABLE "kitchen_table"; This is one type of comment in sql. It is ignored by parseSql.
/*
* CREATE TABLE "coffee_table"; This is a second type of comment in sql. It is ignored by parseSql.
*/
{
CREATE TABLE "pool_table"; This is a third type of comment in sql. It is ignored by parseSql.
}
/* CREATE TABLE "dining_room_table"; This is a second type of comment in sql. It is ignored by parseSql. */
{ CREATE TABLE "card_table"; This is a third type of comment in sql. It is ignored by parseSql. }
--DROP TABLE "picnic_table"; Uncomment this if picnic table was previously created and now is being replaced.
CREATE TABLE "picnic_table" ("plates" TEXT);
INSERT INTO "picnic_table" VALUES ('paper');
这是要添加到/res/values/strings.xml 文件中的数据库版本号条目。
<item type="string" name="databaseVersion" format="integer">1</item>
这是一个访问数据库然后使用它的 Activity 。 (注意:如果数据库代码使用大量资源,您可能希望在单独的线程中运行数据库代码。)
package android.example;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.os.Bundle;
/**
* @author Danny Remington - MacroSolve
*
* Activity for demonstrating how to use a sqlite database.
*/
public class Database extends Activity {
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
DatabaseHelper myDbHelper;
SQLiteDatabase myDb = null;
myDbHelper = new DatabaseHelper(this);
/*
* Database must be initialized before it can be used. This will ensure
* that the database exists and is the current version.
*/
myDbHelper.initializeDataBase();
try {
// A reference to the database can be obtained after initialization.
myDb = myDbHelper.getWritableDatabase();
/*
* Place code to use database here.
*/
} catch (Exception ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
myDbHelper.close();
} catch (Exception ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
} finally {
myDb.close();
}
}
}
}
这是数据库帮助程序类,必要时在其中创建或更新数据库。 (注意:Android 要求您创建一个扩展 SQLiteOpenHelper 的类才能使用 Sqlite 数据库。)
package android.example;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;
/**
* @author Danny Remington - MacroSolve
*
* Helper class for sqlite database.
*/
public class DatabaseHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {
/*
* The Android's default system path of the application database in internal
* storage. The package of the application is part of the path of the
* directory.
*/
private static String DB_DIR = "/data/data/android.example/databases/";
private static String DB_NAME = "database.sqlite";
private static String DB_PATH = DB_DIR + DB_NAME;
private static String OLD_DB_PATH = DB_DIR + "old_" + DB_NAME;
private final Context myContext;
private boolean createDatabase = false;
private boolean upgradeDatabase = false;
/**
* Constructor Takes and keeps a reference of the passed context in order to
* access to the application assets and resources.
*
* @param context
*/
public DatabaseHelper(Context context) {
super(context, DB_NAME, null, context.getResources().getInteger(
R.string.databaseVersion));
myContext = context;
// Get the path of the database that is based on the context.
DB_PATH = myContext.getDatabasePath(DB_NAME).getAbsolutePath();
}
/**
* Upgrade the database in internal storage if it exists but is not current.
* Create a new empty database in internal storage if it does not exist.
*/
public void initializeDataBase() {
/*
* Creates or updates the database in internal storage if it is needed
* before opening the database. In all cases opening the database copies
* the database in internal storage to the cache.
*/
getWritableDatabase();
if (createDatabase) {
/*
* If the database is created by the copy method, then the creation
* code needs to go here. This method consists of copying the new
* database from assets into internal storage and then caching it.
*/
try {
/*
* Write over the empty data that was created in internal
* storage with the one in assets and then cache it.
*/
copyDataBase();
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new Error("Error copying database");
}
} else if (upgradeDatabase) {
/*
* If the database is upgraded by the copy and reload method, then
* the upgrade code needs to go here. This method consists of
* renaming the old database in internal storage, create an empty
* new database in internal storage, copying the database from
* assets to the new database in internal storage, caching the new
* database from internal storage, loading the data from the old
* database into the new database in the cache and then deleting the
* old database from internal storage.
*/
try {
FileHelper.copyFile(DB_PATH, OLD_DB_PATH);
copyDataBase();
SQLiteDatabase old_db = SQLiteDatabase.openDatabase(OLD_DB_PATH, null, SQLiteDatabase.OPEN_READWRITE);
SQLiteDatabase new_db = SQLiteDatabase.openDatabase(DB_PATH,null, SQLiteDatabase.OPEN_READWRITE);
/*
* Add code to load data into the new database from the old
* database and then delete the old database from internal
* storage after all data has been transferred.
*/
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new Error("Error copying database");
}
}
}
/**
* Copies your database from your local assets-folder to the just created
* empty database in the system folder, from where it can be accessed and
* handled. This is done by transfering bytestream.
* */
private void copyDataBase() throws IOException {
/*
* Close SQLiteOpenHelper so it will commit the created empty database
* to internal storage.
*/
close();
/*
* Open the database in the assets folder as the input stream.
*/
InputStream myInput = myContext.getAssets().open(DB_NAME);
/*
* Open the empty db in interal storage as the output stream.
*/
OutputStream myOutput = new FileOutputStream(DB_PATH);
/*
* Copy over the empty db in internal storage with the database in the
* assets folder.
*/
FileHelper.copyFile(myInput, myOutput);
/*
* Access the copied database so SQLiteHelper will cache it and mark it
* as created.
*/
getWritableDatabase().close();
}
/*
* This is where the creation of tables and the initial population of the
* tables should happen, if a database is being created from scratch instead
* of being copied from the application package assets. Copying a database
* from the application package assets to internal storage inside this
* method will result in a corrupted database.
* <P>
* NOTE: This method is normally only called when a database has not already
* been created. When the database has been copied, then this method is
* called the first time a reference to the database is retrieved after the
* database is copied since the database last cached by SQLiteOpenHelper is
* different than the database in internal storage.
*/
@Override
public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
/*
* Signal that a new database needs to be copied. The copy process must
* be performed after the database in the cache has been closed causing
* it to be committed to internal storage. Otherwise the database in
* internal storage will not have the same creation timestamp as the one
* in the cache causing the database in internal storage to be marked as
* corrupted.
*/
createDatabase = true;
/*
* This will create by reading a sql file and executing the commands in
* it.
*/
// try {
// InputStream is = myContext.getResources().getAssets().open(
// "create_database.sql");
//
// String[] statements = FileHelper.parseSqlFile(is);
//
// for (String statement : statements) {
// db.execSQL(statement);
// }
// } catch (Exception ex) {
// ex.printStackTrace();
// }
}
/**
* Called only if version number was changed and the database has already
* been created. Copying a database from the application package assets to
* the internal data system inside this method will result in a corrupted
* database in the internal data system.
*/
@Override
public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
/*
* Signal that the database needs to be upgraded for the copy method of
* creation. The copy process must be performed after the database has
* been opened or the database will be corrupted.
*/
upgradeDatabase = true;
/*
* Code to update the database via execution of sql statements goes
* here.
*/
/*
* This will upgrade by reading a sql file and executing the commands in
* it.
*/
// try {
// InputStream is = myContext.getResources().getAssets().open(
// "upgrade_database.sql");
//
// String[] statements = FileHelper.parseSqlFile(is);
//
// for (String statement : statements) {
// db.execSQL(statement);
// }
// } catch (Exception ex) {
// ex.printStackTrace();
// }
}
/**
* Called everytime the database is opened by getReadableDatabase or
* getWritableDatabase. This is called after onCreate or onUpgrade is
* called.
*/
@Override
public void onOpen(SQLiteDatabase db) {
super.onOpen(db);
}
/*
* Add your public helper methods to access and get content from the
* database. You could return cursors by doing
* "return myDataBase.query(....)" so it'd be easy to you to create adapters
* for your views.
*/
}
这是 FileHelper 类,其中包含字节流复制文件和解析 sql 文件的方法。
package android.example;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.Reader;
import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;
/**
* @author Danny Remington - MacroSolve
*
* Helper class for common tasks using files.
*
*/
public class FileHelper {
/**
* Creates the specified <i><b>toFile</b></i> that is a byte for byte a copy
* of <i><b>fromFile</b></i>. If <i><b>toFile</b></i> already existed, then
* it will be replaced with a copy of <i><b>fromFile</b></i>. The name and
* path of <i><b>toFile</b></i> will be that of <i><b>toFile</b></i>. Both
* <i><b>fromFile</b></i> and <i><b>toFile</b></i> will be closed by this
* operation.
*
* @param fromFile
* - InputStream for the file to copy from.
* @param toFile
* - InputStream for the file to copy to.
*/
public static void copyFile(InputStream fromFile, OutputStream toFile) throws IOException {
// transfer bytes from the inputfile to the outputfile
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int length;
try {
while ((length = fromFile.read(buffer)) > 0) {
toFile.write(buffer, 0, length);
}
}
// Close the streams
finally {
try {
if (toFile != null) {
try {
toFile.flush();
} finally {
toFile.close();
}
}
} finally {
if (fromFile != null) {
fromFile.close();
}
}
}
}
/**
* Creates the specified <i><b>toFile</b></i> that is a byte for byte a copy
* of <i><b>fromFile</b></i>. If <i><b>toFile</b></i> already existed, then
* it will be replaced with a copy of <i><b>fromFile</b></i>. The name and
* path of <i><b>toFile</b></i> will be that of <i><b>toFile</b></i>. Both
* <i><b>fromFile</b></i> and <i><b>toFile</b></i> will be closed by this
* operation.
*
* @param fromFile
* - String specifying the path of the file to copy from.
* @param toFile
* - String specifying the path of the file to copy to.
*/
public static void copyFile(String fromFile, String toFile) throws IOException {
copyFile(new FileInputStream(fromFile), new FileOutputStream(toFile));
}
/**
* Creates the specified <i><b>toFile</b></i> that is a byte for byte a copy
* of <i><b>fromFile</b></i>. If <i><b>toFile</b></i> already existed, then
* it will be replaced with a copy of <i><b>fromFile</b></i>. The name and
* path of <i><b>toFile</b></i> will be that of <i><b>toFile</b></i>. Both
* <i><b>fromFile</b></i> and <i><b>toFile</b></i> will be closed by this
* operation.
*
* @param fromFile
* - File for the file to copy from.
* @param toFile
* - File for the file to copy to.
*/
public static void copyFile(File fromFile, File toFile) throws IOException {
copyFile(new FileInputStream(fromFile), new FileOutputStream(toFile));
}
/**
* Creates the specified <i><b>toFile</b></i> that is a byte for byte a copy
* of <i><b>fromFile</b></i>. If <i><b>toFile</b></i> already existed, then
* it will be replaced with a copy of <i><b>fromFile</b></i>. The name and
* path of <i><b>toFile</b></i> will be that of <i><b>toFile</b></i>. Both
* <i><b>fromFile</b></i> and <i><b>toFile</b></i> will be closed by this
* operation.
*
* @param fromFile
* - FileInputStream for the file to copy from.
* @param toFile
* - FileInputStream for the file to copy to.
*/
public static void copyFile(FileInputStream fromFile, FileOutputStream toFile) throws IOException {
FileChannel fromChannel = fromFile.getChannel();
FileChannel toChannel = toFile.getChannel();
try {
fromChannel.transferTo(0, fromChannel.size(), toChannel);
} finally {
try {
if (fromChannel != null) {
fromChannel.close();
}
} finally {
if (toChannel != null) {
toChannel.close();
}
}
}
}
/**
* Parses a file containing sql statements into a String array that contains
* only the sql statements. Comments and white spaces in the file are not
* parsed into the String array. Note the file must not contained malformed
* comments and all sql statements must end with a semi-colon ";" in order
* for the file to be parsed correctly. The sql statements in the String
* array will not end with a semi-colon ";".
*
* @param sqlFile
* - String containing the path for the file that contains sql
* statements.
*
* @return String array containing the sql statements.
*/
public static String[] parseSqlFile(String sqlFile) throws IOException {
return parseSqlFile(new BufferedReader(new FileReader(sqlFile)));
}
/**
* Parses a file containing sql statements into a String array that contains
* only the sql statements. Comments and white spaces in the file are not
* parsed into the String array. Note the file must not contained malformed
* comments and all sql statements must end with a semi-colon ";" in order
* for the file to be parsed correctly. The sql statements in the String
* array will not end with a semi-colon ";".
*
* @param sqlFile
* - InputStream for the file that contains sql statements.
*
* @return String array containing the sql statements.
*/
public static String[] parseSqlFile(InputStream sqlFile) throws IOException {
return parseSqlFile(new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(sqlFile)));
}
/**
* Parses a file containing sql statements into a String array that contains
* only the sql statements. Comments and white spaces in the file are not
* parsed into the String array. Note the file must not contained malformed
* comments and all sql statements must end with a semi-colon ";" in order
* for the file to be parsed correctly. The sql statements in the String
* array will not end with a semi-colon ";".
*
* @param sqlFile
* - Reader for the file that contains sql statements.
*
* @return String array containing the sql statements.
*/
public static String[] parseSqlFile(Reader sqlFile) throws IOException {
return parseSqlFile(new BufferedReader(sqlFile));
}
/**
* Parses a file containing sql statements into a String array that contains
* only the sql statements. Comments and white spaces in the file are not
* parsed into the String array. Note the file must not contained malformed
* comments and all sql statements must end with a semi-colon ";" in order
* for the file to be parsed correctly. The sql statements in the String
* array will not end with a semi-colon ";".
*
* @param sqlFile
* - BufferedReader for the file that contains sql statements.
*
* @return String array containing the sql statements.
*/
public static String[] parseSqlFile(BufferedReader sqlFile) throws IOException {
String line;
StringBuilder sql = new StringBuilder();
String multiLineComment = null;
while ((line = sqlFile.readLine()) != null) {
line = line.trim();
// Check for start of multi-line comment
if (multiLineComment == null) {
// Check for first multi-line comment type
if (line.startsWith("/*")) {
if (!line.endsWith("}")) {
multiLineComment = "/*";
}
// Check for second multi-line comment type
} else if (line.startsWith("{")) {
if (!line.endsWith("}")) {
multiLineComment = "{";
}
// Append line if line is not empty or a single line comment
} else if (!line.startsWith("--") && !line.equals("")) {
sql.append(line);
} // Check for matching end comment
} else if (multiLineComment.equals("/*")) {
if (line.endsWith("*/")) {
multiLineComment = null;
}
// Check for matching end comment
} else if (multiLineComment.equals("{")) {
if (line.endsWith("}")) {
multiLineComment = null;
}
}
}
sqlFile.close();
return sql.toString().split(";");
}
}
关于android - 发送带有数据库的应用程序,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/59938238/
我想使用 li 和 ul 制作一个多级下拉列表,以便显示我博客中按年和月排序的所有文章。我希望我的下拉菜单看起来像 Google Blogspot 下拉菜单: 这是我的 CSS 和 HTML 代码 u
我在 Win 7 64 机器上将 CodeBlocks 与 gcc 4.7.2 和 gmp 5.0.5 结合使用。开始使用 gmpxx 后,我看到一个奇怪的段错误,它不会出现在 +、- 等运算符中,但
我正在使用 tern 为使用 CodeMirror 运行的窗口提供一些增强的智能感知,它工作正常,但我遇到了一个问题,我想添加一些自定义“types”,可以这么说,这样下拉列表中它们旁边就有图标了。我
我正在尝试让我的 PC 成为 Android 2.3.4 设备的 USB 主机,以便能够在不需要实际“附件”的情况下开发 API。为此,我需要将 PC 设置为 USB 主机和“设备”(在我的例子中是运
很难说出这里要问什么。这个问题模棱两可、含糊不清、不完整、过于宽泛或夸夸其谈,无法以目前的形式得到合理的回答。如需帮助澄清此问题以便重新打开,visit the help center . 关闭 9
我在设置服务器方面几乎是个新手,但遇到了一个问题。我有一个 Ubuntu 16.04 VPS 并安装了 Apache2 和 Tomcat7。我正在为 SSL 使用 LetsEncrypt 和 Cert
我在一个基于谷歌地图的项目上工作了超过 6 个月。我使用的是 Google Maps API V1 及其开发人员 API key 。当我尝试发布应用程序时,我了解到 Google API V1 已被弃
我是 Python 的新手,所以如果我对一些简单的事情感到困惑,请原谅。 我有一个这样的对象: class myObject(object): def __init__(self):
这个问题已经有答案了: How can I access object properties containing special characters? (2 个回答) 已关闭 9 年前。 我正在尝
我有下面的 CSS。我想要的是一种流体/液体(因为缺乏正确的术语)css。我正在为移动设备开发,当我改变模式时 从纵向 View 到陆地 View ,我希望它流畅。现在的图像 在陆地 View 中效
我正在尝试使用可以接受参数的缓存属性装饰器。 我查看了这个实现:http://www.daniweb.com/software-development/python/code/217241/a-cac
这个问题在这里已经有了答案: Understanding slicing (36 个答案) 关闭 6 年前。 以a = [1,2,3,4,5]为例。根据我的直觉,我认为 a[::-1] 与 a[0:
mysqldump -t -u root -p mytestdb mytable --where=datetime LIKE '2014-09%' 这就是我正在做的事情,它会返回: mysqldum
我正在制作销售税计算器,除了总支付金额部分外,其他一切都正常。在我的程序中,我希望能够输入一个数字并获得该项目的税额我还希望能够获得支付的总金额,包括交易中的税金。到目前为止,我编写的代码完成了所有这
关闭。这个问题不符合Stack Overflow guidelines .它目前不接受答案。 我们不允许在 Stack Overflow 上提出有关通用计算硬件和软件的问题。您可以编辑问题,使其成为
我是否必须进行任何额外的设置才能让 apache-airflow 在任务失败时向我发送电子邮件。我的配置文件中有以下内容(与默认值保持不变): [email] email_backend = airf
这个问题在这里已经有了答案: What does the $ symbol do in VBA? (5 个回答) 3年前关闭。 使用返回字符串(如 Left)的内置函数有什么区别吗?或使用与 $ 相同
我有一个用VB6编写的应用程序,我需要使用一个用.NET编写的库。有什么方法可以在我的应用程序上使用该库吗? 谢谢 最佳答案 这取决于。您可以控制.NET库吗? 如果是这样,则可以修改您的库,以便可以
当我创建一个以 ^ 开头的类方法时,我尝试调用它,它给了我一个错误。 class C { method ^test () { "Hi" } } dd C.new.test; Too m
我已经使用 bower 安装了 angularjs 和 materialjs。 凉亭安装 Angular Material 并将“ngMaterial”注入(inject)我的应用程序,但出现此错误。
我是一名优秀的程序员,十分优秀!