java - 如何通过 Autowiring 服务测试 spring-boot 上的 Controller 层？

Question

我正在尝试在 API 中测试 Controller 的功能。我已经实现了以下名为 ExpertsServiceImpl.java 的服务:

@Service
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class ExpertsServiceImpl implements ExpertsService{

    private final ExpertRepository repository;



    @Override
    public Experts createExpert(Experts expert) {
        return repository.save(expert);
    }
    @Override
    public void deleteExpert(ObjectId id) {
        Experts deleted = findExpertById(id);
        if(deleted == null) {
            throw new ExpertNotFoundException(id);
        }
        repository.delete(deleted);
    }
    public Experts findExpertById(ObjectId id) {
        Optional<Experts> searchedExpert = repository.findById(id);
        if(searchedExpert.get() == null) {
            throw new ExpertNotFoundException(id);
        }
        return searchedExpert.get();
    }

这是我的 MongoDB 存储库:

public interface ExpertRepository extends MongoRepository<Experts, ObjectId>{

}

这是我的 Controller 类:

@RestController
@Validated
class ExpertController {

    public final ExpertsService service;
    public ExpertController(ExpertsService service) {
        this.service = service;
    }


    @PostMapping(path = "/experts/",
              consumes = {MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE},
              produces = {MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE}
           )
    public Experts newExpert(@Valid @RequestBody Experts newExpert) {
        return service.createExpert(newExpert);


    }

    @DeleteMapping("/experts/{id}")
    public void deleteBook(@PathVariable  ObjectId id) throws Throwable {
        service.deleteExpert(id);
    }

我正在为我的 Controller 编写以下测试类:

@ActiveProfiles("test")
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@WebMvcTest(controllers = ExpertController.class)
class ExpertControllerTest {
    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Autowired
    private ObjectMapper objectMapper;

    @Autowired
    private ExpertsService expertsService;

    @MockBean
    private ExpertRepository repository;

    Experts demoExpert = new Experts(ObjectId.get(),"Steve Jobs", "Enterpreneur",
                                     Availability.BUSY, Language.CHINESE);

    @Before
    public void setUp() throws Exception{
        expertsService.deleteAll();
        expertsService.createExpert(demoExpert);

    }

    @After
    public void tearDown() throws Exception{
        expertsService.deleteAll();
    }


    @Test
    public void deleteExpert() throws Exception {
        String expertId = demoExpert.getId();
        this.mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders
                .delete("/experts/{id}", expertId)
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
                .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk());
    }

这会引发此错误:

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext

    at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:132)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:123)
    at org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockitoTestExecutionListener.postProcessFields(MockitoTestExecutionListener.java:95)
    at org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockitoTestExecutionListener.injectFields(MockitoTestExecutionListener.java:79)
    at org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockitoTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(MockitoTestExecutionListener.java:54)
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:244)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension.postProcessTestInstance(SpringExtension.java:98)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$invokeTestInstancePostProcessors$5(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:337)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.executeAndMaskThrowable(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:342)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$invokeTestInstancePostProcessors$6(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:337)
    at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$3$1.accept(ReferencePipeline.java:195)
    at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$2$1.accept(ReferencePipeline.java:177)
    at java.base/java.util.ArrayList$ArrayListSpliterator.forEachRemaining(ArrayList.java:1654)
    at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:484)
    at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.wrapAndCopyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:474)
    at java.base/java.util.stream.StreamSpliterators$WrappingSpliterator.forEachRemaining(StreamSpliterators.java:312)

有人知道我该如何解决这个问题吗？我想这与我 Autowiring 服务和模拟存储库有关，但不确定如何解决这个问题。我想 Autowiring 该服务，因为 mock 它对我的测试没有多大意义。有人知道我该怎么做吗？我很感激任何帮助

Answer 1

WebMvcTest 仅初始化 Controller 层，因此不会创建和注入(inject)所有服务/存储库 bean。在你的情况下，问题是

@Autowired
private ExpertsService expertsService;

替换为

@MockBean
private ExpertsService expertsService;

现在您的服务已经有了模拟，您可以只专注于测试 Controller 逻辑。