java - Java/Spring JDBC:批量插入2个表:从第一次批量插入获得FK ID，这对于第二张表是必需的

Question

我正在使用jdbcTemplate批量插入2个表中。第一个表很简单，并且具有ID。第二张表有一个FK参考USER_ID，我需要在插入前从表1中获得它。

假设我有这个：

主要Java代码（在这里我分为<= 1000的批处理）

for(int i = 0; i < totalEntries.size(); i++) {
    // Add to Batch-Insert List; if list size ready for batch-insert, or if at the end, batch-persist & clear list
    batchInsert.add(user);

    if (batchInsert.size() == 1000 || i == totalEntries.size() - 1) {
         // 1. Batch is ready, insert into Table 1
         nativeBatchInsertUsers(jdbcTemplate, batchInsert);
         // 2. Batch is ready, insert into Table 2
         nativeBatchInsertStudyParticipants(jdbcTemplate, batchInsert);
        // Reset list
        batchInsert.clear();
    }
}

批量插入表1的方法（请注意，我在这里获得USERS_T的Seq Val）

    private void nativeBatchInsertUsers(JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate, final List<UsersT> batchInsert) {

        String sqlInsert_USERS_T =  "INSERT INTO PUBLIC.USERS_T (id, password, user_name) " +
                                    "VALUES (nextval('users_t_id_seq'), ?, ? " +
                                            ")";        

        // Insert into USERS_T using overridden JdbcTemplate's Native-SQL batchUpdate() on the string "sqlInsert_USERS_T"
        jdbcTemplate.batchUpdate(sqlInsert_USERS_T, new BatchPreparedStatementSetter() {

            @Override
            public int getBatchSize() {
                return batchInsert.size();
            }

            @Override
            public void setValues(PreparedStatement ps, int i) throws SQLException {
                ps.setString(1, null); 
                ps.setString(2, batchInsert.get(i).getUsername()); 
                // etc.
       });
}

批量插入表2的方法

private void nativeBatchInsertStudyParticipants(JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate, final List<UsersT> batchInsertUsers) {

    String sqlInsert_STUDY_PARTICIPANTS_T = 
            "INSERT INTO PUBLIC.STUDY_PARTICIPANTS_T (id, study_id, subject_id, user_id) "  
                            "VALUES (nextval('study_participants_t_id_seq'), ?, ?, ?
                                            ")";        

    // Insert into STUDY_PARTICIPANTS_T using overridden JdbcTemplate's Native-SQL batchUpdate() on the string "sqlInsert_USERS_T"
    jdbcTemplate.batchUpdate(sqlInsert_STUDY_PARTICIPANTS_T, new BatchPreparedStatementSetter() {

        @Override
        public int getBatchSize() {
            return batchInsert.size();
        }

        @Override
        public void setValues(PreparedStatement ps, int i) throws SQLException {

             // PROBLEM: For Param #4, USER_ID, need to get the USERS_T.ID from Batch-Insert #1

        }       

    });

}   

当我来到第二批插入时，其中一列是返回到 USERS_T.ID的FK，称为 STUDY_PARTICIPANTS_T.USER_ID。我可以通过保持 jdbcTemplate.batchUpdate()逻辑来获取它吗？

Answer 1

这就是答案。

1）如果使用的是jdbcTemplate（Spring JDBC），一种解决方案是预先保留自己的ID范围。然后自己为每行提供手动计算的ID。例如。

@Transactional(readOnly = false, rollbackFor = Exception.class)
public void doMultiTableInsert(List<String> entries) throws Exception {


    // 1. Obtain current Sequence values
    Integer currTable1SeqVal = table1DAO.getCurrentTable1SeqVal();
    Integer currTable2SeqVal = table2DAO.getCurrentTable2SeqVal();     
    // 2. Immediately update the Sequences to the calculated final value (this reserves the ID range immediately)
    table1DAO.setTable1SeqVal(currTable1SeqVal + entries.size());          
    table2DAO.setTable2SeqVal(currTable2SeqVal + entries.size());           

    for(int i = 0; i < entries.size(); i++) {
         // Prepare Domain object...
         UsersT user = new User();
         user.setID(currTable1SeqVal + 1 + i); // Set ID manually
         user.setCreatedDate(new Date());
         // etc.
         StudyParticipantsT sp = new StudyParticipantsT();
         sp.setID(currTable2SeqVal + 1 + i); // Set ID manually
         // etc.
         user.setStudyParticipant(sp);

         // Add to Batch-Insert List
         batchInsertUsers.add(user);

         // If list size ready for Batch-Insert (in this ex. 1000), or if at the end of all subjectIds, perform Batch Insert (both tables) and clear list
         if (batchInsertUsers.size() == 1000 || i == subjectIds.size() - 1) {
            // Part 1: Insert batch into USERS_T
            nativeBatchInsertUsers(jdbcTemplate, batchInsertUsers);             
            // Part 2: Insert batch into STUDY_PARTICIPANTS_T
            nativeBatchInsertStudyParticipants(jdbcTemplate, batchInsertUsers);                 
            // Reset list
            batchInsertUsers.clear();
         }
    }

}

然后您上面引用的Batch-Insert子方法：

1）

  private void nativeBatchInsertUsers(JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate, final List<UsersT> batchInsertUsers) {
       String sqlInsert =   "INSERT INTO PUBLIC.USERS_T (id, password,  ... )"; // etc.
       jdbcTemplate.batchUpdate(sqlInsert, new BatchPreparedStatementSetter() {

           @Override
           public int getBatchSize() {
             return batchInsertUsers.size();
           } 

           @Override
           public void setValues(PreparedStatement ps, int i) throws SQLException {
              ps.setInt(1, batchInsertUsers.get(i).getId()); // ID (provided by ourselves)
              ps.setDate(2, batchInsertUsers.get(i).getCreatedDate());
              //etc.
           }            
       });
    }

2）

private void nativeBatchInsertStudyParticipants(JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate, final List<UsersT> batchInsertUsers) {
   String sqlInsert =   "INSERT INTO PUBLIC.STUDY_PARTICIPANTS_T (id, ... )"; // etc.
   jdbcTemplate.batchUpdate(sqlInsert, new BatchPreparedStatementSetter() {

       @Override
       public int getBatchSize() {
         return batchInsertUsers.size();
       } 

       @Override
       public void setValues(PreparedStatement ps, int i) throws SQLException {
          ps.setInt(1, batchInsertUsers.get(i).getStudyParticipants().getId()); // ID (provided by ourselves)
          //etc.
       }            
   });
}

有一些方法可以获取/设置序列值，例如在Postgres中

SELECT last_value FROM users_t_id_seq;   -- GET SEQ VAL
SELECT setval('users_t_id_seq', 621938); -- SET SEQ VAL

另请注意，所有内容均在 @Transactional下。如果该方法中有任何异常，则将回滚所有数据（对于所有异常， rollbackFor = Exception.class）。唯一不会回滚的是手动序列更新。但是没关系，序列可以有间隔。

2）如果愿意降低到 PreparedStatement级别，则另一个解决方案是 Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS：

PreparedStatement ps = con.prepareStatement(sql, Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS)

执行 ps后， ResultSet将按照创建顺序包含ID。您可以遍历ResultSet并将ID存储在单独的列表中。

while (rs.next()) {
   generatedIDs.add(rs.getInt(1));
}

请记住，在这种情况下，您要负责自己的事务管理。您需要 conn.setAutoCommit(false);以使批次堆积而没有真正的持久性，然后是 conn.commit(); / conn.rollback();。