java - 执行 TestNG 套件后显示错误 'java.lang.NullPointerException DefaultElementLocator.findElement(DefaultElementLocator.java:69)'

Question

我正在 Selenium Webdriver 中使用页面对象模型 (POM) 创建一个混合框架，并创建“TestBase.class”作为父类。

页面对象模型包含以下页面:

页面对象和方法:1. LoginPage.class 和 2. LeadsPage.class

页面对象模型包含以下测试用例文件:

测试用例:1. LoginPageTest 2. LeadsPageTest

TestBase.class

package com.core.qa.base;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.testng.ITestResult;
import org.testng.annotations.AfterMethod;
import org.testng.annotations.AfterSuite;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeSuite;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeTest;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

import com.core.qa.config.PropertyFile;
import com.core.qa.utility.ExcelReading;
import com.core.qa.utility.Helper;
import com.relevantcodes.extentreports.ExtentReports;
import com.relevantcodes.extentreports.ExtentTest;

public class TestBase {

    public static WebDriver driver;
    public static String browserName;
    public static String URL;

    public PropertyFile PropFile;
    public ExcelReading excelRead;

    public ExtentReports extent;
    public ExtentTest logger;

    // TakeScreenshotEx ts = new TakeScreenshotEx();

    @BeforeSuite
    public void setup() throws FileNotFoundException {  

        PropertyFile.readPropertiesFile();
        System.out.println("In before suite");      

        if (browserName.equalsIgnoreCase("Chrome")) {
            System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "C:/chromedriver.exe");
            driver = new ChromeDriver();
            driver.get(URL);
            driver.manage().deleteAllCookies();
            driver.manage().window().maximize();
            driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(20, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

        }

        else if (browserName.equalsIgnoreCase("Firefox")) {
            System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", "C:/geckodriver.exe");
            driver = new FirefoxDriver();
            driver.get(URL);
            driver.manage().deleteAllCookies();
            driver.manage().window().maximize();
            driver.manage().window().maximize();
            driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(20, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
        }
    }

    @AfterMethod
    public void teardownMethod(ITestResult result) {
        if (result.getStatus() == ITestResult.FAILURE) {
            Helper.CaptureScreenshot(driver);
        }
    }

    @AfterSuite
    public void teardown() {
        driver.close();
        driver.quit();
    }
}

LeadsPage.class

package com.sams.qa.pages;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.FindBy;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;

import com.core.qa.base.TestBase;

public class LeadsPage extends TestBase {
	
	//WebDriver driver;

	// Page factory OR Object repository

	@FindBy(id = "q_search")
	WebElement QuickSearchTxtBox;

	@FindBy(xpath = "//*[@id=\"total_records\"]")
	WebElement totalNoOfLeads;

	@FindBy(linkText = "Leads")
	WebElement LeadsLink;

	@FindBy(id = "ui-id-1")
	WebElement LeadsListTab;

	@FindBy(id = "ui-id-2")
	WebElement LeadAssessmentTab;

	@FindBy(name = "addLead")
	WebElement AddLeadsBtn;

	@FindBy(name = "export")
	WebElement ExportAllLeadsbtn;

	@FindBy(name = "Search")
	WebElement FilterSearchBtn;

	@FindBy(name = "filter_search")
	WebElement SearchIDNametxtbox;

	@FindBy(xpath = "//a[contains(text()),'Assessment']")
	WebElement LeadsAssessmentTab;

	@FindBy(xpath = "//a[contains(text()),'Clear All']")
	WebElement ClearAllSrchFilter;

	@FindBy(xpath = "//*[@id=\"tabs-1\"]/table[1]/tbody/tr[2]/td[3]") 
	WebElement FirstLeadLink;

	@FindBy(name = "first_name")
	WebElement Fname;

	@FindBy(name = "last_name")
	WebElement Lname;

	@FindBy(name = "email")
	WebElement Email;

	@FindBy(xpath = "//input[contains(text()),'Yes']")
	WebElement IsCustEmailYes;

	@FindBy(xpath = "//input[contains(text()),'No']")
	WebElement IsCustEmailNo;

	@FindBy(name = "address1")
	WebElement Add1;

	@FindBy(name = "city")
	WebElement City;

	@FindBy(name = "zip_code")
	WebElement Zip;

	@FindBy(name = "azimuth")
	WebElement Azimuth;

	@FindBy(name = "phone")
	WebElement Phone;

	@FindBy(name = "lead_source_id")
	WebElement LeadSource;

	@FindBy(xpath = "//select[contains(text()),'PQRS']")
	WebElement LeadSrcvalue;

	@FindBy(name = "installer_id")
	WebElement Installerdrpdn;

	@FindBy(xpath = "//*[@id='salesman_id']/option[2]")
	WebElement Salesman;

	@FindBy(xpath = "//select[contains(text()),'ABCD']")
	WebElement InstallerValue;

	@FindBy(id = "saveLead")
	WebElement SaveBtn;

	@FindBy(id = "startProposal")
	WebElement StartProposalBtn;

	@FindBy(name = "cancel")
	WebElement CancelBtn;

	// initializing page objects
	public LeadsPage(WebDriver ldriver) {		
		TestBase.driver = ldriver;
		PageFactory.initElements(ldriver, this);		
	}

	// Methods or Actions

	public LeadsPage openLeadspg() {
		LeadsLink.click();
		return new LeadsPage(driver);
	}
	
	public void openAssessmentTab()
	{
		LeadAssessmentTab.click();
	}
	
	public void leadsListtab()
	{
		LeadsListTab.click();
	}
	
	public String ValidateLeadsCurURL(WebDriver driver) {
		
		TestBase.driver=driver;
		return driver.getCurrentUrl();
	}

	public String GetLeadsCount() {
		return totalNoOfLeads.getText();
	}

	public String GetFirstLeadFrmList() {
		return FirstLeadLink.getText();

	}

	public void searchEditLead() {
		String FirstID = FirstLeadLink.getText();
		SearchIDNametxtbox.sendKeys(FirstID);
		FilterSearchBtn.click();
		ClearAllSrchFilter.click();

	}

	public void ValidateAddLeads(String fname, String lname, String email, String add1, String city, String zip,
			String phone) {
		Fname.sendKeys(fname);
		Lname.sendKeys(lname);
		Email.sendKeys(email);
		IsCustEmailYes.click();
		Add1.sendKeys(add1);
		City.sendKeys(city);
		Zip.sendKeys(zip);
		Phone.sendKeys(phone);
		SaveBtn.click();
	}

}

LeadsPageTest.class

package com.sams.qa.testcases;

import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeMethod;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

import com.core.qa.base.TestBase;
import com.core.qa.config.PropertyFile;
import com.sams.qa.pages.DashboardPage;
import com.sams.qa.pages.LeadsPage;
import com.sams.qa.pages.LoginPage;

public class LeadsPageTest extends TestBase {

    LoginPage loginpg;
    DashboardPage dashboardpg;
    LeadsPage leadspage = new LeadsPage(driver);

    @Test(priority = 4, groups = "smoke")
    public void OpenLeadsPgTest() {

        System.out.println("In Open leads pg method");

        leadspage.openLeadspg();
        leadspage.openAssessmentTab();
        leadspage.leadsListtab();
        System.out.println("Leads count is :" + leadspage.GetLeadsCount());
    }

}

执行 testng.xml(套件)后，LeadsPageTest 会出现以下错误:-

java.lang.NullPointerException
	at org.openqa.selenium.support.pagefactory.DefaultElementLocator.findElement(DefaultElementLocator.java:69)
	at org.openqa.selenium.support.pagefactory.internal.LocatingElementHandler.invoke(LocatingElementHandler.java:38)
	at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy13.click(Unknown Source)
	at com.sams.qa.pages.LeadsPage.openLeadspg(LeadsPage.java:121)
	at com.sams.qa.testcases.LeadsPageTest.OpenLeadsPgTest(LeadsPageTest.java:31)
	at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
	at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
	at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:567)
	at org.testng.internal.MethodInvocationHelper.invokeMethod(MethodInvocationHelper.java:124)
	at org.testng.internal.Invoker.invokeMethod(Invoker.java:583)
	at org.testng.internal.Invoker.invokeTestMethod(Invoker.java:719)
	at org.testng.internal.Invoker.invokeTestMethods(Invoker.java:989)
	at org.testng.internal.TestMethodWorker.invokeTestMethods(TestMethodWorker.java:125)
	at org.testng.internal.TestMethodWorker.run(TestMethodWorker.java:109)
	at org.testng.TestRunner.privateRun(TestRunner.java:648)
	at org.testng.TestRunner.run(TestRunner.java:505)
	at org.testng.SuiteRunner.runTest(SuiteRunner.java:455)
	at org.testng.SuiteRunner.runSequentially(SuiteRunner.java:450)
	at org.testng.SuiteRunner.privateRun(SuiteRunner.java:415)
	at org.testng.SuiteRunner.run(SuiteRunner.java:364)
	at org.testng.SuiteRunnerWorker.runSuite(SuiteRunnerWorker.java:52)
	at org.testng.SuiteRunnerWorker.run(SuiteRunnerWorker.java:84)
	at org.testng.TestNG.runSuitesSequentially(TestNG.java:1208)
	at org.testng.TestNG.runSuitesLocally(TestNG.java:1137)
	at org.testng.TestNG.runSuites(TestNG.java:1049)
	at org.testng.TestNG.run(TestNG.java:1017)
	at org.testng.remote.AbstractRemoteTestNG.run(AbstractRemoteTestNG.java:115)
	at org.testng.remote.RemoteTestNG.initAndRun(RemoteTestNG.java:251)
	at org.testng.remote.RemoteTestNG.main(RemoteTestNG.java:77)

Answer 1

我建议进行一些更改

1. 初始化 pageObject 类中的元素，如下所示

   公共(public)LeadsPage(WebDriver驱动程序){ this.driver = 驱动程序；pageFactory.initElements(驱动程序，此)； }

并从测试中删除 pageFactory 行。

尝试在基类中将网络驱动程序声明为静态

公共(public)静态WebDriver驱动程序；

在测试中创建 pageobject 类的对象，例如 LeadsPage Leadspage = new Leadspage();