configuration - ActionMailer 设置在开发和生产之间存在错误差异

Question

错误

我已经完成了 ActionMailer 设置并在开发中完美运行。我可以调用 UserMailer.welcome(user).deliver，然后电子邮件就会到达目的地。但是，当我将代码投入生产并调用相同的 deliver 方法时，突然出现错误:

Errno::ECONNREFUSED: Connection refused - connect(2)
    from /usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p290/lib/ruby/1.9.1/net/smtp.rb:546:in `initialize'
    from /usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p290/lib/ruby/1.9.1/net/smtp.rb:546:in `open'
    from /usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p290/lib/ruby/1.9.1/net/smtp.rb:546:in `tcp_socket'
    from /usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p290/lib/ruby/1.9.1/net/smtp.rb:555:in `block in do_start'
    from /usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p290/lib/ruby/1.9.1/timeout.rb:58:in `timeout'
    from /usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p290/lib/ruby/1.9.1/timeout.rb:89:in `timeout'
    from /usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p290/lib/ruby/1.9.1/net/smtp.rb:555:in `do_start'
    from /usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p290/lib/ruby/1.9.1/net/smtp.rb:525:in `start'
    from /webapps/myapp/production/shared/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/mail-2.3.0/lib/mail/network/delivery_methods/smtp.rb:128:in `deliver!'
    from /webapps/myapp/production/shared/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/mail-2.3.0/lib/mail/message.rb:1989:in `do_delivery'
    from /webapps/myapp/production/shared/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/mail-2.3.0/lib/mail/message.rb:230:in `block in deliver'
    from /webapps/myapp/production/shared/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/bundler/gems/rails-5680a51dcbaf/actionmailer/lib/action_mailer/base.rb:414:in `block in deliver_mail'
    from /webapps/myapp/production/shared/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/bundler/gems/rails-5680a51dcbaf/activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:55:in `block in instrument'
    from /webapps/myapp/production/shared/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/bundler/gems/rails-5680a51dcbaf/activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb:20:in `instrument'
    from /webapps/myapp/production/shared/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/bundler/gems/rails-5680a51dcbaf/activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:55:in `instrument'
    from /webapps/myapp/production/shared/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/bundler/gems/rails-5680a51dcbaf/actionmailer/lib/action_mailer/base.rb:412:in `deliver_mail'
    from /webapps/myapp/production/shared/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/mail-2.3.0/lib/mail/message.rb:230:in `deliver'
    from (irb):10
    from /webapps/myapp/production/shared/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/bundler/gems/rails-5680a51dcbaf/railties/lib/rails/commands/console.rb:45:in `start'
    from /webapps/myapp/production/shared/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/bundler/gems/rails-5680a51dcbaf/railties/lib/rails/commands/console.rb:8:in `start'
    from /webapps/myapp/production/shared/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/bundler/gems/rails-5680a51dcbaf/railties/lib/rails/commands.rb:40:in `<top (required)>'
    from script/rails:6:in `require'
    from script/rails:6:in `<main>'

到目前为止的问题

我能提供的最有值(value)的信息可能是 Message 对象上的实际 delivery_method 数据在生产中不正确。在开发中，当我调用 UserMailer.welcome(user).delivery_method 时，(格式化的)输出为:

#<Mail::SMTP:0x000001042c4a20 @settings={
  :address=>"smtp.gmail.com",
  :port=>587,
  :domain=>"foobar.com",
  :user_name=>"example@foobar.com",
  :password=>"MY_PASSWORD",
  :authentication=>"plain",
  :enable_starttls_auto=>true,
  :openssl_verify_mode=>nil}>

这显然与我在 mailers.yml 中定义的设置匹配。在生产中，当我进行相同的调用时，输出是:

#<Mail::SMTP:0xbfb2c18 @settings={
  :address=>"localhost",
  :port=>25,
  :domain=>"localhost.localdomain",
  :user_name=>nil,
  :password=>nil,
  :authentication=>nil,
  :enable_starttls_auto=>true,
  :openssl_verify_mode=>nil}>

这似乎只是 line 22 of ActionMailer::DeliveryMethods 上定义的默认值而不是我自己的 mailers.yml 设置。

相关代码

据我所知，我的环境应该有相同的 ActionMailer 设置。

config/environment.rb:

Myapp::Application.config.action_mailer.delivery_method = :smtp
Myapp::Application.config.action_mailer.smtp_settings = YAML.load_file(
    Rails.root.join('config', 'mailers.yml'))[Rails.env].to_options

config/mailers.yml:

default: &default
  address:              smtp.gmail.com
  port:                 587
  domain:               foobar.com
  user_name:            example@foobar.com
  password:             MY_PASSWORD
  authentication:       plain
  enable_starttls_auto: true

development:
  <<: *default

production:
  <<: *default

config/environments/development.rb:

Myapp::Application.configure do
  # ...
  config.action_mailer.raise_delivery_errors = false
  config.action_mailer.default_url_options = { :host => 'localhost:3000' }
  config.action_mailer.interceptors = ['MailInterceptor']
  # ...
end

配置/环境/生产.rb:

Myapp::Application.configure do
  # ...
  config.action_mailer.default_url_options = { :host => 'foobar.com' }
  # ...
end

请注意，我还尝试注释掉development.rb中的两行额外内容(并尝试将它们添加到生产.rb中)而不进行任何更改 - 我在生产中仍然遇到相同的错误，但在开发中却没有。

此外，虽然我认为它不相关，但我将包含我在development.rb中引用的MailIntercepter(它只是将所有邮件重定向到我的电子邮件地址，而不是测试用户的电子邮件地址):

class MailInterceptor
  def self.delivering_email(message)
    message.subject = "[#{message.to}] #{message.subject}"
    message.to = "example+catcher@foobar.com"
  end
end

Answer 1

弄清楚了，尽管它似乎违背了我认为的 Rails 3.1 配置标准方法。

更改了这一行:

Myapp::Application.config.action_mailer.smtp_settings = YAML.load_file(
    Rails.root.join('config', 'mailers.yml'))[Rails.env].try(:to_options)

对此:

ActionMailer::Base.smtp_settings = YAML.load_file(
    Rails.root.join('config', 'mailers.yml'))[Rails.env].try(:to_options)

仍然不确定为什么前者适用于开发而不适用于生产，但后者现在适用于我的生产，所以这就是我现在要使用的。