Java:生产者-消费者两个线程停止工作，卡住

Question

我有这段代码，它从第一个数组中获取数据并将其放入第二个数组中，然后从第一个数组中将其删除。它工作正常一段时间，但随后停止，而第一个数组中仍然有要粘贴的值:

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

public class Main  {
    private static String buffer;
    private static String lock = "lock";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws  Exception  {
        Usb usb1 = new Usb(getListFromValues("1", "2", "3", "4", "5"));
        Usb usb2 = new Usb(getListFromValues("10", "20", "30", "40", "50"));

        Thread usbCutThread = new Thread(new UsbCutThread(usb1));
        Thread usbPasteThread = new Thread(new UsbPasteThread(usb2));

        usbCutThread.start();
        usbPasteThread.start();

        usbCutThread.join();
        usbPasteThread.join();

    }

    static class UsbCutThread implements Runnable  {
      private Usb usb;
      public UsbCutThread(Usb usb)  {this.usb = usb;}

      @Override
      public void run() {
          try {
              System.out.println("inside cut");
              for (int i = 0; i < usb.getData().size(); i++) {
                  buffer = usb.getValue();
                  System.out.println("cutting value " + buffer);

                  synchronized (lock) {
                      System.out.println("copied to buffer, waiting for paste");
                      lock.notify();
                      try {
                          lock.wait();
                      } catch (Exception e) {
                          e.printStackTrace();
                      }
                      System.out.println("erasing");
                      usb.eraseValue();
                  }
              }
          }
        catch (Exception e)  {
              e.printStackTrace();
        }
      }
    }

    static class UsbPasteThread implements Runnable  {
        private Usb usb;
        public UsbPasteThread(Usb usb)  {this.usb = usb;}

        @Override
        public void run() {
            try {
                while (true) {
                    System.out.println("inside paste");
                    //while it copies, cut thread can't erase - what if copy fails
                    synchronized (lock) {
                        usb.addValue("stuff");
                        System.out.println("pasted");
                        lock.notify();
                        try {
                            lock.wait();
                        } catch (Exception e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }

                    }
                }
            }
            catch (Exception e)  {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

    }

    static class Usb  {
      List<String> data = new ArrayList<>();

      public Usb(List<String> data)  {this.data = data;}

        public String getValue()  {return data.get(data.size() - 1);}

        public void addValue(String value)  {
          data.add(value);
        }

        public void eraseValue()  {
          data.remove(data.size() - 1);
        }

        public List<String> getData()  {return data;}
    }

    public static ArrayList<String> getListFromValues(String... values)  {
        ArrayList<String> result = new ArrayList<>();
        for (String v: values)  {
            result.add(v);
        }
        return result;
    }
}

输出:

inside cut
inside paste
pasted
cutting value 5
copied to buffer, waiting for paste
inside paste
pasted
erasing
cutting value 4
copied to buffer, waiting for paste
inside paste
pasted
erasing
cutting value 3
copied to buffer, waiting for paste
inside paste
pasted
erasing

Answer 1

UsbCutThread 从 0 迭代到 usb.getData().size():

              for (int i = 0; i < usb.getData().size(); i++) {

在循环中，您通过 usb.eraseValue()更改usb.getData()的大小。这显然会影响迭代量。在您的情况下，您将进行 3 次迭代，直到 i == usb.getData().size() 为 true 并且退出循环。

当您将整个事情放入 while (true) 时，另一个线程进入 lock.wait() 。这是您的程序不会终止的地方。

要解决第一个问题，您只需迭代到固定限制:

              int n = usb.getData().size();
              for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

我认为第二个问题实际上对你来说不是问题，而是你想要的。所以我就停在这里。