OSX 上的 makefile 路径问题

Question

好吧，我想我会尝试最后一次更新，看看它是否能帮到我。我创建了一个非常小的测试用例。这不应该构建任何东西，它只是测试路径设置。我还设置了路径，所以没有空格。这是我能想到的最小、最简单的测试用例。

此 makefile 将设置路径、回显路径、使用指定的完整路径运行 avr-gcc -v，然后尝试在没有指定完整路径的情况下运行它。它应该在第二次尝试的路径中找到 avr-gcc，但没有。

生成文件

TOOLCHAIN := /Users/justinzaun/Desktop/AVRBuilder.app/Contents/Resources/avrchain


PATH := ${TOOLCHAIN}/bin:${PATH}
export PATH


all:
    @echo ${PATH}
    @echo --------
    "${TOOLCHAIN}/bin/avr-gcc" -v
    @echo --------
    avr-gcc -v

输出

JUSTINs-MacBook-Air:Untitled justinzaun$ make
/Users/justinzaun/Desktop/AVRBuilder.app/Contents/Resources/avrchain/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11/bin
--------
"/Users/justinzaun/Desktop/AVRBuilder.app/Contents/Resources/avrchain/bin/avr-gcc" -v
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=/Users/justinzaun/Desktop/AVRBuilder.app/Contents/Resources/avrchain/bin/avr-gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/Users/justinzaun/Desktop/AVRBuilder.app/Contents/Resources/avrchain/bin/../libexec/gcc/avr/4.6.3/lto-wrapper
Target: avr
Configured with: /Users/justinzaun/Development/AVRBuilder/Packages/gccobj/../gcc/configure --prefix=/Users/justinzaun/Development/AVRBuilder/Packages/gccobj/../build/ --exec-prefix=/Users/justinzaun/Development/AVRBuilder/Packages/gccobj/../build/ --datadir=/Users/justinzaun/Development/AVRBuilder/Packages/gccobj/../build/ --target=avr --enable-languages=c,objc,c++ --disable-libssp --disable-lto --disable-nls --disable-libgomp --disable-gdbtk --disable-threads --enable-poison-system-directories
Thread model: single
gcc version 4.6.3 (GCC) 
--------
avr-gcc -v
make: avr-gcc: No such file or directory
make: *** [all] Error 1
JUSTINs-MacBook-Air:Untitled justinzaun$ 

---

---

原始问题

我正在尝试从 makefile 中设置路径。我似乎无法在 OSX 上执行此操作。使用 PATH :=/new/bin/:$(PATH) 设置路径不起作用。请参阅下面的 makefile。

生成文件

PROJECTNAME = Untitled

# Name of target controller
# (e.g. 'at90s8515', see the available avr-gcc mmcu
# options for possible values)
MCU = atmega640

# id to use with programmer
# default: PROGRAMMER_MCU=$(MCU)
# In case the programer used, e.g avrdude, doesn't
# accept the same MCU name as avr-gcc (for example
# for ATmega8s, avr-gcc expects 'atmega8' and 
# avrdude requires 'm8')
PROGRAMMER_MCU = $(MCU)

# Source files
# List C/C++/Assembly source files:
# (list all files to compile, e.g. 'a.c b.cpp as.S'):
# Use .cc, .cpp or .C suffix for C++ files, use .S
# (NOT .s !!!) for assembly source code files.
PRJSRC = main.c   \
         utils.c

# additional includes (e.g. -I/path/to/mydir)
INC = 

# libraries to link in (e.g. -lmylib)
LIBS = 

# Optimization level,
# use s (size opt), 1, 2, 3 or 0 (off)
OPTLEVEL = s



### You should not have to touch anything below this line ###



PATH := /Users/justinzaun/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/AVR_Builder-gxiykwiwjywvoagykxvmotvncbyd/Build/Products/Debug/AVR\ Builder.app/Contents/Resources/avrchain/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:$(PATH)
CPATH := /Users/justinzaun/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/AVR_Builder-gxiykwiwjywvoagykxvmotvncbyd/Build/Products/Debug/AVR\ Builder.app/Contents/Resources/avrchain/include


# HEXFORMAT -- format for .hex file output
HEXFORMAT = ihex

# compiler
CFLAGS = -I. $(INC) -g -mmcu=$(MCU) -O$(OPTLEVEL)  \
         -fpack-struct -fshort-enums               \
         -funsigned-bitfields -funsigned-char      \
         -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes                 \
         -Wa,-ahlms=$(firstword                    \
                    $(filter %.lst, $(<:.c=.lst)))

# c++ specific flags
CPPFLAGS = -fno-exceptions                 \
           -Wa,-ahlms=$(firstword          \
           $(filter %.lst, $(<:.cpp=.lst)) \
           $(filter %.lst, $(<:.cc=.lst))  \
           $(filter %.lst, $(<:.C=.lst)))

# assembler
ASMFLAGS = -I. $(INC) -mmcu=$(MCU)          \
           -x assembler-with-cpp            \
           -Wa,-gstabs,-ahlms=$(firstword   \
           $(<:.S=.lst) $(<.s=.lst))

# linker
LDFLAGS = -Wl,-Map,$(TRG).map -mmcu=$(MCU)  \
          -lm $(LIBS)

##### executables ####
CC=avr-gcc
OBJCOPY=avr-objcopy
OBJDUMP=avr-objdump
SIZE=avr-size
AVRDUDE=avrdude
REMOVE=rm -f

##### automatic target names ####
TRG=$(PROJECTNAME).out
DUMPTRG=$(PROJECTNAME).s

HEXROMTRG=$(PROJECTNAME).hex
HEXTRG=$(HEXROMTRG) $(PROJECTNAME).ee.hex

# Start by splitting source files by type
#  C++
CPPFILES=$(filter %.cpp, $(PRJSRC))
CCFILES=$(filter %.cc, $(PRJSRC))
BIGCFILES=$(filter %.C, $(PRJSRC))
#  C
CFILES=$(filter %.c, $(PRJSRC))
#  Assembly
ASMFILES=$(filter %.S, $(PRJSRC))

# List all object files we need to create
OBJDEPS=$(CFILES:.c=.o)     \
        $(CPPFILES:.cpp=.o) \
        $(BIGCFILES:.C=.o)  \
        $(CCFILES:.cc=.o)   \
        $(ASMFILES:.S=.o)

# Define all lst files.
LST=$(filter %.lst, $(OBJDEPS:.o=.lst))

# All the possible generated assembly
# files (.s files)
GENASMFILES=$(filter %.s, $(OBJDEPS:.o=.s))

.SUFFIXES : .c .cc .cpp .C .o .out .s .S \
            .hex .ee.hex .h .hh .hpp

# Make targets:
# all, disasm, stats, hex, writeflash/install, clean
all: $(TRG)

$(TRG): $(OBJDEPS)
    $(CC) $(LDFLAGS) -o $(TRG) $(OBJDEPS)

#### Generating assembly ####
# asm from C
%.s: %.c
    $(CC) -S $(CFLAGS) $< -o $@

# asm from (hand coded) asm
%.s: %.S
    $(CC) -S $(ASMFLAGS) $< > $@

# asm from C++
.cpp.s .cc.s .C.s :
    $(CC) -S $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $< -o $@

#### Generating object files ####
# object from C
.c.o:
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@

# object from C++ (.cc, .cpp, .C files)
.cc.o .cpp.o .C.o :
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) -c $< -o $@

# object from asm
.S.o :
    $(CC) $(ASMFLAGS) -c $< -o $@

#### Generating hex files ####
# hex files from elf
.out.hex:
    $(OBJCOPY) -j .text                    \
               -j .data                    \
               -O $(HEXFORMAT) $< $@

.out.ee.hex:
    $(OBJCOPY) -j .eeprom                     \
               --change-section-lma .eeprom=0 \
               -O $(HEXFORMAT) $< $@

#### Information ####
info:
    @echo PATH:
    @echo "$(PATH)"
    $(CC) -v
    which $(CC)

#### Cleanup ####
clean:
    $(REMOVE) $(TRG) $(TRG).map $(DUMPTRG)
    $(REMOVE) $(OBJDEPS)
    $(REMOVE) $(LST)
    $(REMOVE) $(GENASMFILES)
    $(REMOVE) $(HEXTRG)

错误

JUSTINs-MacBook-Air:Untitled justinzaun$ make
avr-gcc -I.  -g -mmcu=atmega640 -Os -fpack-struct -fshort-enums -funsigned-bitfields -funsigned-char -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -Wa,-ahlms=main.lst -c main.c -o main.o
make: avr-gcc: No such file or directory
make: *** [main.o] Error 1
JUSTINs-MacBook-Air:Untitled justinzaun$

如果我更改我的 CC= 以包含完整路径:

CC=/Users/justinzaun/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/AVR_Builder-gxiykwiwjywvoagykxvmotvncbyd/Build/Products/Debug/AVR\ Builder.app/Contents/Resources/avrchain/bin/avr-gcc

然后它找到了，但这似乎不是正确的做事方式。例如，它试图使用系统 as 而不是正确路径中的系统。

更新 - 为了确定，我也添加了我的 ls 命令的输出，这样每个人都知道该文件存在。此外，我还在 makefile 中添加了一个 make info 目标并显示了该输出。

JUSTINs-MacBook-Air:Untitled justinzaun$ ls /Users/justinzaun/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/AVR_Builder-gxiykwiwjywvoagykxvmotvncbyd/Build/Products/Debug/AVR\ Builder.app/Contents/Resources/avrchain/bin
ar      avr-elfedit avr-man     avr-strip   objcopy
as      avr-g++     avr-nm      avrdude     objdump
avr-addr2line   avr-gcc     avr-objcopy c++     ranlib
avr-ar      avr-gcc-4.6.3   avr-objdump g++     strip
avr-as      avr-gcov    avr-ranlib  gcc
avr-c++     avr-gprof   avr-readelf ld
avr-c++filt avr-ld      avr-size    ld.bfd
avr-cpp     avr-ld.bfd  avr-strings nm
JUSTINs-MacBook-Air:Untitled justinzaun$ 

在我的路径中使用 \ 输出 make info

JUSTINs-MacBook-Air:Untitled justinzaun$ make info
PATH:
/Users/justinzaun/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/AVR_Builder-gxiykwiwjywvoagykxvmotvncbyd/Build/Products/Debug/AVR\ Builder.app/Contents/Resources/avrchain/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11/bin
avr-gcc -v
make: avr-gcc: No such file or directory
make: *** [info] Error 1
JUSTINs-MacBook-Air:Untitled justinzaun$ 

make info 的输出，\ 不在我的路径中

JUSTINs-MacBook-Air:Untitled justinzaun$ make info
PATH:
/Users/justinzaun/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/AVR_Builder-gxiykwiwjywvoagykxvmotvncbyd/Build/Products/Debug/AVR Builder.app/Contents/Resources/avrchain/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11/bin
avr-gcc -v
make: avr-gcc: No such file or directory
make: *** [info] Error 1
JUSTINs-MacBook-Air:Untitled justinzaun$ 

更新 - 当我将我的 CC 设置为包含上述完整路径时，这是 make info 的结果。

JUSTINs-MacBook-Air:Untitled justinzaun$ make info
PATH:
/Users/justinzaun/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/AVR_Builder-gxiykwiwjywvoagykxvmotvncbyd/Build/Products/Debug/AVR Builder.app/Contents/Resources/avrchain/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11/bin
/Users/justinzaun/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/AVR_Builder-gxiykwiwjywvoagykxvmotvncbyd/Build/Products/Debug/AVR\ Builder.app/Contents/Resources/avrchain/bin/avr-gcc -v
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=/Users/justinzaun/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/AVR_Builder-gxiykwiwjywvoagykxvmotvncbyd/Build/Products/Debug/AVR Builder.app/Contents/Resources/avrchain/bin/avr-gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/Users/justinzaun/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/AVR_Builder-gxiykwiwjywvoagykxvmotvncbyd/Build/Products/Debug/AVR Builder.app/Contents/Resources/avrchain/bin/../libexec/gcc/avr/4.6.3/lto-wrapper
Target: avr
Configured with: /Users/justinzaun/Development/AVRBuilder/Packages/gccobj/../gcc/configure --prefix=/Users/justinzaun/Development/AVRBuilder/Packages/gccobj/../build/ --exec-prefix=/Users/justinzaun/Development/AVRBuilder/Packages/gccobj/../build/ --datadir=/Users/justinzaun/Development/AVRBuilder/Packages/gccobj/../build/ --target=avr --enable-languages=c,objc,c++ --disable-libssp --disable-lto --disable-nls --disable-libgomp --disable-gdbtk --disable-threads --enable-poison-system-directories
Thread model: single
gcc version 4.6.3 (GCC) 
which /Users/justinzaun/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/AVR_Builder-gxiykwiwjywvoagykxvmotvncbyd/Build/Products/Debug/AVR\ Builder.app/Contents/Resources/avrchain/bin/avr-gcc
/Users/justinzaun/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/AVR_Builder-gxiykwiwjywvoagykxvmotvncbyd/Build/Products/Debug/AVR Builder.app/Contents/Resources/avrchain/bin/avr-gcc
JUSTINs-MacBook-Air:Untitled justinzaun$ 

Answer 1

我在 OSX 和 Linux 上试过你的例子，得到了和你一样的结果。我不太明白为什么这不起作用(并且很想知道)，但我确实有两个可能有用的解决方法。

导出外壳

不要在 Makefile 中设置 PATH，而是像这样覆盖 SHELL:

export SHELL=/Users/whatever/avr-dir/wrapper

这是该包装器的一个可能版本:

#!/bin/bash
PATH="/Users/whatever/avr-dir:${PATH}"
/bin/bash "$@"

Make 将调用这个包装器来运行每一行 yoru 食谱。这有点难看，但它在 OSX 上对我有用。

外面

在 make 之外修复 PATH。也许创建一个每次登录运行一次的脚本来修复 shell 中的 PATH，或者创建一个小脚本(我通常称之为 mk)来修复 PATH，然后调用 make 传递任何参数。这是一个例子:

#!/bin/bash
PATH="/Users/whatever/avr-dir:${PATH}" exec make "$@"

我知道您需要一个 Makefile 解决方案，但我想我还是会提到这个选项。这只是我的意见，但像 PATH 这样的东西往往是特定于机器的(而不是特定于项目的)，我更愿意将它们与源代码分开。