c++ - Windows 10 上已安装的应用程序列表

Question

我正在尝试以编程方式列出我的 win10 系统上所有已安装的应用程序。
基本上，我试图获取在资源管理器窗口中键入“shell:appsFolder”时可以看到的列表。

这是我使用的代码:

HRESULT hr;
IShellFolder *psParent= nullptr, *psApps= nullptr;
LPITEMIDLIST pidlSystem = NULL;
hr = SHGetFolderLocation(NULL, CSIDL_SYSTEM, NULL, NULL, &pidlSystem); // get root pidl which is needed to get the parrent of our app folder
LPITEMIDLIST pidlApps= NULL;

if (!SUCCEEDED(hr= SHGetKnownFolderItem(FOLDERID_AppsFolder, KF_FLAG_DEFAULT, NULL, IID_IShellItem , (void**)&pidlApps)))
    goto done;  // get pidl for apps folder

if (!SUCCEEDED(hr=SHBindToParent(pidlSystem, IID_IShellFolder, (void **) &psParent, (LPCITEMIDLIST*)&pidlApps)))
    goto done; // Get shell folder of parrent, which is needed to get shell folder of appsFolder

psApps= NULL;

if (!SUCCEEDED(hr= psParent->BindToObject(pidlApps, nullptr, IID_IShellFolder, (void **)&psApps)))
    goto done; // finally get shell folder of appsFolder!

IEnumIDList *IDList;

if (!SUCCEEDED(hr= psApps->EnumObjects(nullptr, SHCONTF_NONFOLDERS, &IDList)))
    goto done; // start the file scanning process

LPITEMIDLIST object= (LPITEMIDLIST)CoTaskMemAlloc(sizeof(*object)); // allocate room to receive data..

while (IDList->Next(1, &object, nullptr)!=S_FALSE)                  // and the list loop
{
    STRRET strDispName;
    if (!SUCCEEDED(hr= psApps->GetDisplayNameOf(object, SHGDN_NORMAL, &strDispName)))
        continue; // get the name in some weired format
    TCHAR szDisplayName[MAX_PATH];
    if (!SUCCEEDED(hr= StrRetToBuf(&strDispName, pidlApps, szDisplayName, sizeof(szDisplayName))))
        continue; // transform it to string...
    ATLTRACE2(L"found %s\n", szDisplayName);
}
IDList->Release();
CoTaskMemFree(object);

问题是我最终得到一个包含 2000 多个项目的列表，包括 .jpg 和其他 .dll 文件，但这个列表与资源管理器窗口显示的内容不对应!例如，“word”不存在，既不作为链接，也不作为 winword.exe，而在资源管理器窗口中。

有什么线索吗？

Answer 1

如果 shell:appsFolder 确实是您想要的，那么就使用它。像这样:

CoInitialize(NULL);
CComPtr<IShellItem> folder;
if (SUCCEEDED(SHCreateItemFromParsingName(L"shell:appsFolder", nullptr, IID_PPV_ARGS(&folder))))
{
  CComPtr<IEnumShellItems> enumItems;
  if (SUCCEEDED(folder->BindToHandler(nullptr, BHID_EnumItems, IID_PPV_ARGS(&enumItems))))
  {
    IShellItem* items;
    while (enumItems->Next(1, &items, nullptr) == S_OK)
    {
      CComPtr<IShellItem> item = items;
      CComHeapPtr<wchar_t> name;
      if (SUCCEEDED(item->GetDisplayName(SIGDN_NORMALDISPLAY, &name)))
      {
        wprintf(L"%s\n", name);
      }

      // dump all properties
      CComPtr<IPropertyStore> store;
      if (SUCCEEDED(item->BindToHandler(NULL, BHID_PropertyStore, IID_PPV_ARGS(&store))))
      {
        DWORD count = 0;
        store->GetCount(&count);
        for (DWORD i = 0; i < count; i++) {
          PROPERTYKEY pk;
          if (SUCCEEDED(store->GetAt(i, &pk)))
          {
            CComHeapPtr<wchar_t> pkName;
            PSGetNameFromPropertyKey(pk, &pkName); // needs propsys.lib

            PROPVARIANT pv;
            PropVariantInit(&pv);
            if (SUCCEEDED(store->GetValue(pk, &pv)))
            {
              CComHeapPtr<wchar_t> pvs;
              pvs.Allocate(512);
              PropVariantToString(pv, pvs, 512); // needs propvarutil.h and propsys.lib
              PropVariantClear(&pv);
              wprintf(L" %s=%s\n", pkName, pvs);
            }
            else
            {
              wprintf(L" %s=???\n", pkName);
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

CoUninitialize();

note1:我用过Visual Studio的ATL智能类，简单多了。

注意 2:我使用了 IShellItem，它在某种程度上是对 Shell 进行编程的新方法。您应该不再需要使用 IShellFolder、IEnumIDList、STRRET 等

注意 3:我添加了一个代码来转储项目的所有属性。属性的列表取决于应用程序的类型。以下是两个示例:

Google Chrome (not a UWP app)
 System.ItemNameDisplay=Google Chrome
 System.Keywords=chrome
 System.Tile.Background=4285031263
 System.Tile.Foreground=4294967295
 System.Tile.Square150x150LogoPath=79.0.3945.130\VisualElements\Logo.png
 System.Tile.Flags=1185
 System.Tile.Square70x70LogoPath=79.0.3945.130\VisualElements\SmallLogo.png
 System.ThumbnailCacheId=15284856079963922257
 System.Link.TargetParsingPath=C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe
 System.AppUserModel.ID=Chrome
 System.AppUserModel.PreventPinning=0
 System.AppUserModel.BestShortcut=20; 0; 31; 80; 224; 79; 208; 32; 234; 58; 105; 16; 162; 216; 8; 0; 43; 48; 48; 157; 25; 0; 47; 67; 58; 92; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 98; 0; 49; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 16; 0; 80; 114; 111; 103; 114; 97; 109; 68; 97; 116; 97; 0; 72; 0; 9; 0; 4; 0; 239; 190; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 46; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 80; 0; 114; 0; 111; 0; 103; 0; 114; 0; 97; 0; 109; 0; 68; 0; 97; 0; 116; 0; 97; 0; 0; 0; 26; 0; 92; 0; 49
 System.AppUserModel.HostEnvironment=0
 System.AppUserModel.InstalledBy=0
 System.AppUserModel.RunFlags=1
 ...

Paint 3D (a UWP app).
 System.ItemNameDisplay=Paint 3D
 System.Tile.SmallLogoPath=Assets\Logos\Square44x44\PaintAppList.png
 System.Tile.Background=4292311040
 System.Tile.Foreground=4294967295
 System.Tile.LongDisplayName=Paint 3D
 System.Tile.Square150x150LogoPath=Assets\Logos\Square150x150\PaintMedTile.png
 System.Tile.Wide310x150LogoPath=Assets\Logos\Wide310x150\PaintWideTile.png
 System.Tile.Flags=1185
 System.Tile.Square310x310LogoPath=Assets\Logos\Square310x310\PaintLargeTile.png
 System.Tile.Square70x70LogoPath=Assets\Logos\Square71x71\PaintSmallTile.png
 System.Launcher.AppState=0
 System.ThumbnailCacheId=10531553521183290931
 System.AppUserModel.ID=Microsoft.MSPaint_8wekyb3d8bbwe!Microsoft.MSPaint
 System.AppUserModel.HostEnvironment=1
 System.AppUserModel.PackageInstallPath=C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\Microsoft.MSPaint_6.1907.18017.0_x64__8wekyb3d8bbwe
 System.AppUserModel.PackageFamilyName=Microsoft.MSPaint_8wekyb3d8bbwe
 System.AppUserModel.PackageFullName=Microsoft.MSPaint_6.1907.18017.0_x64__8wekyb3d8bbwe
 System.AppUserModel.TileUniqueId={3911A337-8941-4141-9D5D-6C2575D40995}