c++ - 用概念检查属性的类型

Question

我想检查结构/类的属性是否符合我的概念需求，但编译器会提示。

例子:

struct N
{
    char value;
    auto Get() { return value; }
};

struct M
{
    int value;
    auto Get() { return value; }
};

void func3( auto n )
    requires requires
{
    //{ n.Get() } -> std::same_as<int>;
    { n.value } -> std::same_as<int>;
}
{
    std::cout << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << std::endl;
}


void func3( auto n )
    requires requires 
{
    //{ n.Get() } -> std::same_as<char>;
    { n.value } -> std::same_as<char>;
}
{
    std::cout << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << std::endl;
}

int main()
{
    M m;
    N n;

    func3( n );
    func3( m );
}

使用 ( gcc 10.1.1 ) 产生更长的消息串

main.cpp: In function 'int main()':
main.cpp:202:18: error: no matching function for call to 'func3(N&)'
  202 |         func3( n );
      |                  ^
main.cpp:154:10: note: candidate: 'void func3(auto:15) requires requires{{func3::n.value} -> decltype(auto) [requires std::same_as<<placeholder>, int>];} [with auto:15 = N]'
  154 |     void func3( auto n )
      |          ^~~~~
main.cpp:154:10: note: constraints not satisfied
main.cpp: In instantiation of 'void func3(auto:15) requires requires{{func3::n.value} -> decltype(auto) [requires std::same_as<<placeholder>, int>];} [with auto:15 = N]':
main.cpp:202:18:   required from here
main.cpp:154:10:   required by the constraints of 'template<class auto:15> void func3(auto:15) requires requires{{func3::n.value} -> decltype(auto) [requires std::same_as<<placeholder>, int>];}'
main.cpp:155:18:   in requirements  [with auto:15 = N]
main.cpp:158:13: note: 'n.value' does not satisfy return-type-requirement
  158 |         { n.value } -> std::same_as<int>;
      |           ~~^~~~~
cc1plus: note: set '-fconcepts-diagnostics-depth=' to at least 2 for more detail
main.cpp:165:10: note: candidate: 'void func3(auto:16) requires requires{{func3::n.value} -> decltype(auto) [requires std::same_as<<placeholder>, char>];} [with auto:16 = N]'
  165 |     void func3( auto n ) 
      |          ^~~~~
main.cpp:165:10: note: constraints not satisfied
main.cpp: In instantiation of 'void func3(auto:16) requires requires{{func3::n.value} -> decltype(auto) [requires std::same_as<<placeholder>, char>];} [with auto:16 = N]':
main.cpp:202:18:   required from here
main.cpp:165:10:   required by the constraints of 'template<class auto:16> void func3(auto:16) requires requires{{func3::n.value} -> decltype(auto) [requires std::same_as<<placeholder>, char>];}'
main.cpp:166:18:   in requirements  [with auto:16 = N]
main.cpp:169:13: note: 'n.value' does not satisfy return-type-requirement
  169 |         { n.value } -> std::same_as<char>;
      |           ~~^~~~~
main.cpp:203:18: error: no matching function for call to 'func3(M&)'
  203 |         func3( m );
      |                  ^   
main.cpp:154:10: note: candidate: 'void func3(auto:15) requires requires{{func3::n.value} -> decltype(auto) [requires std::same_as<<placeholder>, int>];} [with auto:15 = M]'
  154 |     void func3( auto n ) 
      |          ^~~~~
main.cpp:154:10: note: constraints not satisfied
main.cpp: In instantiation of 'void func3(auto:15) requires requires{{func3::n.value} -> decltype(auto) [requires std::same_as<<placeholder>, int>];} [with auto:15 = M]':
main.cpp:203:18:   required from here

检查 Get() 函数返回类型的版本按预期工作。这里有什么问题？

参见 compiler explorer

• clang:按预期工作
• gcc 10.1.1 失败并显示错误消息
• gcc 主干:ICE!瑞银:-

更新(11 月 21 日)

• gcc 主干(版本 12.x.x.)有效

似乎有人修复了这个错误: bug report

Answer 1

GCC 实际上是正确的(在拒绝代码时，不是发疯)。引用标准

[expr.prim.req.compound]/1.3

• If the return-type-requirement is present, then:
  • Substitution of template arguments (if any) into the return-type-requirement is performed.
  • The immediately-declared constraint ([temp.param]) of the type-constraint for decltype((E)) shall be satisfied.

E是我们的表达式，即n.value。

现在，decltype(n.value) 是char 或int，那是因为decltype has a special rule for class member access and id expressions .但是decltype((n.value))是char&或者int&。在处理一般表达式(例如带括号的类成员访问)时，值类别以decltype 的类型编码。

当我们修改您的示例时，您的示例在 GCC 中有效

void func3( auto n )
    requires requires
{
    //{ n.Get() } -> std::same_as<int>;
    { n.value } -> std::same_as<int&>;
}
{
    std::cout << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << std::endl;
}


void func3( auto n )
    requires requires 
{
    //{ n.Get() } -> std::same_as<char>;
    { n.value } -> std::same_as<char&>;
}
{
    std::cout << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << std::endl;
}