c++ - Container::value_type 的模板特化

Question

我有以下两个函数用于将 std 容器转换为字符串以进行日志记录。

template <typename TCollection, std::string(*ToStringFunc)(typename TCollection::value_type)>
std::string LOG_COLLECTION(const TCollection& collection)
{
   std::string as_str;
   for (const auto& element : collection) 
   {
      as_str += ToStringFunc(element) + " ";
   }
   return as_str;
}

template <typename TCollection>
std::string LOG_COLLECTION(const TCollection& collection) 
{
   return LOG_COLLECTION<TCollection, std::to_string>(collection);
}

我想要一个针对 std::string 容器的特化。类似于以下内容:

template <typename TCollection<std::string>>
std::string LOG_COLLECTION(const TCollection<std::string>& collection)
{
   std::string as_str;
   for (const auto& element : collection) 
   {
      as_str += ToStringFunc(element) + " ";
   }
   return as_str;
}

int main()
{
   std::vector<std::string> vec{ "a", "b", "c" };
   std::string as_str = LOG_COLLECTION(vec)
}

我该怎么做(我使用的是 c++11)？我尝试在网上搜索但没有找到解决方案。

Answer 1

解决方案 - I:使用 template template arguments

喜欢 @Scheff 在评论中建议，你可以提供一个template template function specialization对于 std::strings.

以下是示例代码:( See Online Live )

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>

// template alias for function pointer
template<template<class...> class TCollection, typename ValueType>
using FunctionPtrType = std::string(*)(typename TCollection<ValueType>::value_type);

// `LOG_COLLECTION` for the  Container<non-std::string>
template <template<class...> class TCollection, typename ValueType>
std::string LOG_COLLECTION(const TCollection<ValueType>& collection,
   FunctionPtrType<TCollection, ValueType> ToStringFunc)
{
   std::string as_str;
   for (const ValueType element : collection) {
      as_str += ToStringFunc(element) + " ";
   }
   return as_str;
}

// `LOG_COLLECTION` for the Container<std::string>
template <template<class...> class TCollection, typename... Args>
std::string LOG_COLLECTION(const TCollection<std::string, Args...>& collection)
{
   std::string as_str;
   for (const auto& element : collection) {
      as_str += (element + " ");
   }
   return as_str;
}

int main()
{
   std::vector<int> vec{ 1, 2, 3 };
   // call the Container<non-std::string> like
   std::string as_str = LOG_COLLECTION(vec,
                   [](int val) { return ::std::to_string(val); });    

   std::vector<std::string> vec2{ "1", "2", "3" };
   std::string as_str2 = LOG_COLLECTION(vec2); // call with no `ToString` function!     
}

---

解决方案 - II:使用 SFINAE

或者 SFINAE(“替换失败不是错误”)LOG_COLLECTION 函数如下:

( See Online Live )

#include <type_traits> // std::integral_constant, std::is_same, std::enable_if

// traits for checking the `value_type == std::string`
template<class Container> struct has_std_string_value_type final
   : public std::integral_constant<bool, std::is_same<std::string, typename Container::value_type>::value>
{};

// template alias for function pointer
template<typename TCollection>
using FunctionPtrType = std::string(*)(typename TCollection::value_type);

// for the Container<non-std::string>
template <typename TCollection>
auto LOG_COLLECTION(const TCollection& collection, FunctionPtrType<TCollection> ToStringFunc)
   -> typename std::enable_if<! has_std_string_value_type<TCollection>::value, std::string>::type
{
   std::string as_str;
   for (const auto element : collection) {
      as_str += ToStringFunc(element) + " ";
   }
   return as_str;
}

// for the Container<std::string>
template <typename TCollection>
auto LOG_COLLECTION(const TCollection& collection)
   -> typename std::enable_if<has_std_string_value_type<TCollection>::value, std::string>::type
{
   std::string as_str;
   for (const auto& element : collection) {
      as_str += (element + " ");
   }
   return as_str;
}