java - 纹理不使用 lwjgl 和顶点缓冲区渲染

Question

我对渲染代码进行了一些优化，但是仍然没有渲染任何内容，并且所有可见的都是一个黑色的窗口。它以前工作过(使用opengl立即模式渲染，但我似乎破坏了系统。

纹理.java

import static org.lwjgl.opengl.ARBBufferObject.*;
import static org.lwjgl.opengl.ARBVertexBufferObject.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER_ARB;
import static org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11.*;

import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.FloatBuffer;
import java.nio.IntBuffer;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;

import org.lwjgl.BufferUtils;
import org.lwjgl.util.ReadableColor;

public class Texture {

    public static Texture font1;

    public static Texture smallButton1;
    public static Texture smallButton1Hover;

    public static Texture background1;

    public static Texture title1;

    public static Texture smallTextBox1;
    public static Texture largeTextBox1;

    final String file;
    boolean loaded = false;
    private ByteBuffer buffer;
    public final int width, height;

    public static void loadTextures() {
        font1 = new Texture("/fonts/font1.png");

        background1 = new Texture("/textures/background1.png");

        title1 = new Texture("/textures/title1.png");

        smallButton1 = new Texture("/textures/smallButton1.png");
        smallButton1Hover = new Texture("/textures/smallButton1Hover.png");

        smallTextBox1 = new Texture("/textures/smallTextBox1.png");
        largeTextBox1 = new Texture("/textures/largeTextBox1.png");
    }

    public Texture(String path) {
        BufferedImage image = null;
        try {
            image = ImageIO.read(TacAttack.class.getResourceAsStream(path));
            int BYTES_PER_PIXEL = 4;
            int[] pixels = new int[image.getWidth() * image.getHeight()];
            image.getRGB(0, 0, image.getWidth(), image.getHeight(), pixels, 0, image.getWidth());

            buffer = BufferUtils.createByteBuffer(image.getWidth() * image.getHeight() * BYTES_PER_PIXEL); //4bytes for RGBA
            for (int y = 0; y < image.getHeight(); y++) {
                for (int x = 0; x < image.getWidth(); x++) {
                    int pixel = pixels[y * image.getWidth() + x];
                    buffer.put((byte) ((pixel >> 16) & 0xFF)); // Red component
                    buffer.put((byte) ((pixel >> 8) & 0xFF)); // Green component
                    buffer.put((byte) (pixel & 0xFF)); // Blue component
                    buffer.put((byte) ((pixel >> 24) & 0xFF)); // Alpha component
                }
            }
            buffer.flip();

            loaded = true;

            System.out.println("Loaded texture: \"" + path + "\"");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            ErrorHandler.fatalError(ErrorType.IOError, "Couldn't load texture: " + path);
        }

        this.file = path;

        this.width = image.getWidth();
        this.height = image.getHeight();
    }

    public ByteBuffer getBuffer() {
        if (!loaded) {
            ErrorHandler.fatalError(ErrorType.textureError, "Buffer requested before texture loaded.");
            return null;
        } else {
            return buffer;
        }
    }

    private void use(int texID, ReadableColor color) {
        glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
        glColor4b(color.getRedByte(), color.getGreenByte(), color.getBlueByte(), color.getAlphaByte());
        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texID);
        glEnable(GL_BLEND);
        glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);
        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
    }

    private void endUse() {
        glDisable(GL_BLEND);
        glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
    }

    public void render(int texID, IntBuffer vBuffer, FloatBuffer tBuffer, boolean changed, int vHandle, int tHandle, ReadableColor color) {
        if (!loaded) {
            return;
        }

        System.out.println("");
        System.out.println(">>");
        System.out.println("apparently rendered at: x" + vBuffer.get(0) + ", y" + vBuffer.get(1) + ", w" + (vBuffer.get(4) - vBuffer.get(0)) + ", h" + (vBuffer.get(5) - vBuffer.get(1)) + " with vHandle - " + vHandle + ", " + file);
        System.out.println("apparent texturecoords: x" + tBuffer.get(0) + ", y" + tBuffer.get(1) + ", w" + (tBuffer.get(4) - tBuffer.get(0)) + ", h" + (tBuffer.get(5) - tBuffer.get(1)) + " with tHandle - " + tHandle);

        use(texID, color);

        glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
        glEnableClientState(GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY);

        glBindBufferARB(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER_ARB, vHandle);
        if (changed) {
            glBufferDataARB(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER_ARB, vBuffer, GL_STATIC_DRAW_ARB);
            System.out.println("yeah");
        }
        glVertexPointer(2, GL_INT, 2 * 4, 0L);

        glBindBufferARB(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER_ARB, tHandle);
        if (changed) {
            glBufferDataARB(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER_ARB, tBuffer, GL_STATIC_DRAW_ARB);
            System.out.println("yeah2");
        }
        glTexCoordPointer(2, GL_FLOAT, 2 * 4, 0L);

        glDrawArrays(GL_QUADS, 0, 4);

        glBindBufferARB(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER_ARB, 0);

        glDisableClientState(GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY);
        glDisableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);

        endUse();
    }

}

TextureObject.java

import static org.lwjgl.opengl.ARBBufferObject.glGenBuffersARB;
import static org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11.*;

import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.FloatBuffer;
import java.nio.IntBuffer;

import org.lwjgl.BufferUtils;
import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL12;
import org.lwjgl.util.Color;
import org.lwjgl.util.ReadableColor;

public class TextureObject {

    private final Texture texture;

    public final int width, height;

    private final int texID;
    private IntBuffer vBuffer;
    private FloatBuffer tBuffer;

    private boolean changed = true;

    private IntBuffer ib = BufferUtils.createIntBuffer(2);
    private final int vHandle;
    private final int tHandle;

    public TextureObject(Texture texture) {
        this.texture = texture;
        this.width = texture.width;
        this.height = texture.height;

        texID = glGenTextures();
        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texID);

        //Setup wrap mode
        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL12.GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL12.GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);

        //Setup texture scaling filtering
        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);

        //Send tex data to OpenGL
        glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA8, width, height, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, texture.getBuffer());

        vBuffer = BufferUtils.createIntBuffer(8);
        tBuffer = BufferUtils.createFloatBuffer(8);
        vBuffer.put(0).put(0).put(0).put(0).put(0).put(0).put(0).put(0);
        tBuffer.put(0).put(0).put(0).put(0).put(0).put(0).put(0).put(0);

        glGenBuffersARB(ib);
        vHandle = ib.get(0);
        tHandle = ib.get(1);
    }

    public void render(int sx, int sy, int swidth, int sheight) {
        updateBuffers(sx, sy, swidth, sheight, 0, 0, 1, 1);
        texture.render(texID, vBuffer, tBuffer, changed, vHandle, tHandle, Color.WHITE);
    }

    public void render(int sx, int sy, int swidth, int sheight, ReadableColor color) {
        updateBuffers(sx, sy, swidth, sheight, 0, 0, 1, 1);
        texture.render(texID, vBuffer, tBuffer, changed, vHandle, tHandle, color);
    }

    public void render(int sx, int sy, int swidth, int sheight, float tx, float ty, float twidth, float theight) {
        updateBuffers(sx, sy, swidth, sheight, tx, ty, twidth, theight);
        texture.render(texID, vBuffer, tBuffer, changed, vHandle, tHandle, Color.WHITE);
    }

    public void render(int sx, int sy, int swidth, int sheight, float tx, float ty, float twidth, float theight, ReadableColor color) {
        updateBuffers(sx, sy, swidth, sheight, tx, ty, twidth, theight);
        texture.render(texID, vBuffer, tBuffer, changed, vHandle, tHandle, color);
    }

    private void updateBuffers(int sx, int sy, int swidth, int sheight, float tx, float ty, float twidth, float theight) {
        IntBuffer tempVertexBuffer = BufferUtils.createIntBuffer(8);
        FloatBuffer tempTextureCoordsBuffer = BufferUtils.createFloatBuffer(8);

        tempVertexBuffer.clear();
        tempTextureCoordsBuffer.clear();

        tempVertexBuffer.put(sx).put(sy);
        tempVertexBuffer.put(sx + swidth).put(sy);
        tempVertexBuffer.put(sx + swidth).put(sy + sheight);
        tempVertexBuffer.put(sx).put(sy + sheight);

        float ttx = tx / (float) texture.width;
        float tty = ty / (float) texture.height;
        tempTextureCoordsBuffer.put(ttx).put(tty);
        tempTextureCoordsBuffer.put(ttx + twidth).put(tty);
        tempTextureCoordsBuffer.put(ttx + twidth).put(tty + theight);
        tempTextureCoordsBuffer.put(ttx).put(tty + theight);

        for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
            if (vBuffer.get(i) != tempVertexBuffer.get(i)) {
                vBuffer.clear();
                tempVertexBuffer.flip();
                vBuffer.put(tempVertexBuffer);
                vBuffer.flip();
                changed = true;
                break;
            } else {
                changed = false;
            }
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
            if (tBuffer.get(i) != tempTextureCoordsBuffer.get(i)) {
                tBuffer.clear();
                tempTextureCoordsBuffer.flip();
                tBuffer.put(tempTextureCoordsBuffer);
                tBuffer.flip();
                changed = true;
                break;
            } else {
                changed = false;
            }
        }
    }
}

所有纹理都是通过调用“TextureObject.render(args)”渲染的，并且“Texture.render(args)”的控制台输出都是正确的。

我没有收到任何错误，但没有任何渲染，所以我怀疑纹理本身以某种方式变成了一堆零。

也许这行来自 TextueObject.java？

glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA8, width, height, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, texture.getBuffer());

或与此行相关？ :)

buffer.flip();

这几天一直没搞明白……

Answer 1

好吧，在花费了大量时间研究这个之后，我应该知道问题不可能出在缓冲区上。

问题出在Texture.java中的这一行:

glColor4b(color.getRedByte(), color.getGreenByte(), color.getBlueByte(), color.getAlphaByte());

这显然将颜色设置为黑色。

然而，当我尝试它时，它起作用了(感谢“Full Frontal Nudity”帮助我发现了这一点):

glColor4f((float) color.getRed() / 255f, (float) color.getGreen() / 255f, (float) color.getBlue() / 255f, (float) color.getAlpha() / 255f);

看起来 ReadableColor 返回的字节不是 lwjgl 需要的字节类型...

但是，现在可以了!