c++ - 为什么lambda init-capture对于unique_ptr不起作用？

Question

我正在尝试使用C++ 14初始化捕获功能通过捕获在lambda中移动unique_ptr。由于某些原因，gcc和clang都拒绝编译我的代码，坚持认为我试图复制一个unique_ptr显然不起作用。我认为避免复制正是init-capture + std::move功能的重点-实际上，传递unique_ptr似乎是每个人使用的主要示例。

我究竟做错了什么？

#include <functional>
#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include <string>

void runFunc(std::function<void()>&& f) {
    auto ff = std::move(f);
    ff();
}

int main() {
    auto ptr = std::make_unique<std::string>("hello world\n");
    runFunc([captured_ptr = std::move(ptr)]() {
        std::cout << *captured_ptr;
    });
}   

gcc的输出:

http://coliru.stacked-crooked.com/a/d91a480b2b6428ac

g++ -std=c++14 -O2 -Wall -pedantic -pthread main.cpp && ./a.out
In file included from main.cpp:1:0:
/usr/local/include/c++/5.2.0/functional: In instantiation of 'static void std::_Function_base::_Base_manager<_Functor>::_M_clone(std::_Any_data&, const std::_Any_data&, std::false_type) [with _Functor = main()::<lambda()>; std::false_type = std::integral_constant<bool, false>]':
/usr/local/include/c++/5.2.0/functional:1746:16:   required from 'static bool std::_Function_base::_Base_manager<_Functor>::_M_manager(std::_Any_data&, const std::_Any_data&, std::_Manager_operation) [with _Functor = main()::<lambda()>]'
/usr/local/include/c++/5.2.0/functional:2260:19:   required from 'std::function<_Res(_ArgTypes ...)>::function(_Functor) [with _Functor = main()::<lambda()>; <template-parameter-2-2> = void; _Res = void; _ArgTypes = {}]'
main.cpp:15:6:   required from here
/usr/local/include/c++/5.2.0/functional:1710:34: error: use of deleted function 'main()::<lambda()>::<lambda>(const main()::<lambda()>&)'
    __dest._M_access<_Functor*>() =
                                  ^
main.cpp:13:43: note: 'main()::<lambda()>::<lambda>(const main()::<lambda()>&)' is implicitly deleted because the default definition would be ill-formed:
     runFunc([captured_ptr = std::move(ptr)]() {
                                           ^
main.cpp:13:43: error: use of deleted function 'std::unique_ptr<_Tp, _Dp>::unique_ptr(const std::unique_ptr<_Tp, _Dp>&) [with _Tp = std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>; _Dp = std::default_delete<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> >]'
In file included from /usr/local/include/c++/5.2.0/memory:81:0,
                 from main.cpp:3:
/usr/local/include/c++/5.2.0/bits/unique_ptr.h:356:7: note: declared here
       unique_ptr(const unique_ptr&) = delete;

从c输出:

http://coliru.stacked-crooked.com/a/4374988d875fcedc

In file included from main.cpp:1:
/usr/local/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/5.2.0/../../../../include/c++/5.2.0/functional:1711:10: error: call to implicitly-deleted copy constructor of '(lambda at main.cpp:13:13)'
            new _Functor(*__source._M_access<_Functor*>());
                ^        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/local/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/5.2.0/../../../../include/c++/5.2.0/functional:1746:8: note: in instantiation of member function 'std::_Function_base::_Base_manager<(lambda at main.cpp:13:13)>::_M_clone' requested here
              _M_clone(__dest, __source, _Local_storage());
              ^
/usr/local/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/5.2.0/../../../../include/c++/5.2.0/functional:2260:33: note: in instantiation of member function 'std::_Function_base::_Base_manager<(lambda at main.cpp:13:13)>::_M_manager' requested here
            _M_manager = &_My_handler::_M_manager;
                                       ^
main.cpp:13:13: note: in instantiation of function template specialization 'std::function<void ()>::function<(lambda at main.cpp:13:13), void>' requested here
    runFunc([captured_ptr = std::move(ptr)]() {
            ^
main.cpp:13:14: note: copy constructor of '' is implicitly deleted because field '' has a deleted copy constructor
    runFunc([captured_ptr = std::move(ptr)]() {
             ^
/usr/local/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/5.2.0/../../../../include/c++/5.2.0/bits/unique_ptr.h:356:7: note: 'unique_ptr' has been explicitly marked deleted here
      unique_ptr(const unique_ptr&) = delete;
      ^
1 error generated.

Answer 1

因为 std::function 必须是可复制的:

std::function satisfies the requirements of CopyConstructible and CopyAssignable.

还有问题的 constructor:

Initializes the target with a copy of f.

您正在构造的lambda(完全有效)具有 unique_ptr成员，这使其不可复制。如果重写 runFunc以按值获取任意仿函数:

template <typename F>
void runFunc(F f) {
    auto ff = std::move(f);
    ff();
}

它会编译。