angularjs - 如何测试 Controller 内服务的响应

Question

我正在尝试测试在 Controller 中执行的服务 http 调用的响应:

Controller :

define(['module'], function (module) {
    'use strict';

    var MyController = function ($scope, MyService) {

        var vm = this;

        $scope.testScope = 'karma is working!';

        MyService.getData().then(function (data) {
            $scope.result = data.hour
            vm.banner = {
                'greeting': data.greeting
            }
        });
    };    

    module.exports = ['$scope', 'MyService', MyController ];
});

单元测试:

define(['require', 'angular-mocks'], function (require) {
'use strict';

var angular = require('angular');

describe("<- MyController Spec ->", function () {    

    var controller, scope, myService, serviceResponse;

    serviceResponse= {
        greeting: 'hello',
        hour: '12'
    };

    beforeEach(angular.mock.module('myApp'));

    beforeEach(inject(function (_$controller_, _$rootScope_, _MyService_, $q) {
        scope = _$rootScope_.$new();
        var deferred = $q.defer();
        deferred.resolve(serviceResponse);

        myService = _MyService_;
        spyOn(myService, 'getData').and.returnValue(deferred.promise);

        controller = _$controller_('MyController', {$scope: scope});  
        scope.$apply();
    }));

    it('should verify that the controller exists ', function() {
        expect(controller).toBeDefined();
    });    

    it('should have testScope scope equaling *karma is working*', function() {
        expect(scope.testScope ).toEqual('karma is working!');
    });
});
});

我如何测试 http 请求是否执行并返回绑定(bind)到 $scope.result 和 vm.banner 的 serviceResponse问候语

---

我试过:

define(['require', 'angular-mocks'], function (require) {
'use strict';

var angular = require('angular');

describe("<- MyController Spec ->", function () {    

    var controller, scope, myService, serviceResponse, $httpBackend;

    serviceResponse= {
        greeting: 'hello',
        hour: '12'
    };

    beforeEach(angular.mock.module('myApp'));

    beforeEach(inject(function (_$controller_, _$rootScope_, _MyService_, _$httpBackend_) {
        scope = _$rootScope_.$new();
        $httpBackend = _$httpBackend_

        $httpBackend.expectGET("/my/endpoint/here").respond(serviceResponse);

        myService = _MyService_;
        spyOn(myService, 'getData').and.callThrough();

        controller = _$controller_('MyController', {$scope: scope});  
        scope.$apply();
    }));

    it('should call my service and populate scope.result ', function() {
        myService.getData();
        expect(scope.result ).toEqual(serviceResponse.hour);
    });

    it('should verify that the controller exists ', function() {
        expect(controller).toBeDefined();
    });    

    it('should have testScope scope equaling *karma is working*', function() {
        expect(scope.testScope ).toEqual('karma is working!');
    });
});
});

出现错误:

[should call my service and populate scope.result -----     Expected undefined to be defined.

Answer 1

我认为问题是你的服务返回了一个 promise ，所以当你这样做时it

it('should call my service and populate scope.result ', function() {
    myService.getData();
    expect(scope.result ).toEqual(serviceResponse.hour);
});

你的服务可能在它到达expect之前还没有被解析，所以你必须先等待你的promise的then然后在里面做expect .你可以做的是将 promise 分配给 $scope.result

var MyController = function ($scope, MyService) {

    var vm = this;

    $scope.testScope = 'karma is working!';

    $scope.result = MyService.getData().then(function (data) {
        $scope.result = data.hour
        vm.banner = {
            'greeting': data.greeting
        }
    });
};    

然后在你的测试中，你可以做类似的事情

it('should call my service and populate scope.result ', function() {
    //myService.getData(); <- you don't have to call this
    scope.result.then(function(){
       expect(scope.result).toEqual(serviceResponse.hour);
    });

});

---

您将需要模拟 $httpBackend 并期望特定请求并提供模拟响应数据。这是 Angular docs 的片段

beforeEach(inject(function($injector) {
     // Set up the mock http service responses
     $httpBackend = $injector.get('$httpBackend');

     // backend definition common for all tests    
     $httpBackend.when('GET', '/auth.py')
                            .respond({userId: 'userX'}, {'A-Token': 'xxx'});

   }));

现在，每当 $http 调用 /auth.py 时，它都会用模拟数据 {userId: 'userX'}, {'A-Token': ' xxx'}