shell - 如何在几个作业中运行 shell 脚本

Question

我有一个构建脚本，它运行非常缓慢，尤其是在 Solaris 上。我想通过在多个作业中运行它来提高它的性能。我该怎么做？

Answer 1

试试 GNU Parallel ，使用起来非常简单:

GNU parallel is a shell tool for executing jobs in parallel using one or more computers. A job can be a single command or a small script that has to be run for each of the lines in the input. The typical input is a list of files, a list of hosts, a list of users, a list of URLs, or a list of tables. A job can also be a command that reads from a pipe. GNU parallel can then split the input and pipe it into commands in parallel.

If you use xargs and tee today you will find GNU parallel very easy to use as GNU parallel is written to have the same options as xargs. If you write loops in shell, you will find GNU parallel may be able to replace most of the loops and make them run faster by running several jobs in parallel.

GNU parallel makes sure output from the commands is the same output as you would get had you run the commands sequentially. This makes it possible to use output from GNU parallel as input for other programs.

For each line of input GNU parallel will execute command with the line as arguments. If no command is given, the line of input is executed. Several lines will be run in parallel. GNU parallel can often be used as a substitute for xargs or cat | bash.

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您提到它是一个构建脚本。如果您使用的是命令行实用程序 make您可以使用 make's -j<N> option 并行化构建:

GNU make knows how to execute several recipes at once. Normally, make will execute only one recipe at a time, waiting for it to finish before executing the next. However, the ‘-j’ or ‘--jobs’ option tells make to execute many recipes simultaneously.

还有 distcc 可与 make 一起使用将编译分发到多个主机:

export DISTCC_POTENTIAL_HOSTS='localhost red green blue'
cd ~/work/myproject; 
make -j8 CC=distcc