python - macOS 上的 python 安装错误。我该如何修复？

Question

我使用的是 macOS High Sierra。在过去的某个时候，我通过brew安装了Python，但是由于某种原因(我不知道)pip无法工作:

$ pip --version Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/opt/python2/libexec/bin/pip", line 6, in <module>
  from pkg_resources import load_entry_point
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 3195, in <module>
  @_call_aside
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 3179, in _call_aside
  f(*args, **kwargs)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 3208, in _initialize_master_working_set
  working_set = WorkingSet._build_master()
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 683, in _build_master
  return cls._build_from_requirements(__requires__)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 696, in _build_from_requirements
  dists = ws.resolve(reqs, Environment())
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 885, in resolve
  raise DistributionNotFound(req, requirers)
pkg_resources.DistributionNotFound: The 'pip==9.0.1' distribution was not found and is required by the application

因此我发出:

$ brew uninstall python@2
Uninstalling /usr/local/Cellar/python@2/2.7.14_1... (3,622 files, 50.6MB)

之后我就剩下了我认为是 python 的默认安装

$ which python
/usr/bin/python

不幸的是，我无法仅通过输入 python 来运行 Python:

$ python --version
-bash: /usr/local/opt/python2/libexec/bin/python: No such file or directory

但是我可以通过直接引用它来运行该Python解释器:

$ /usr/bin/python --version
Python 2.7.10

令我困扰的是，python --version 不起作用，我想知道这是否是之前在这里安装了brew 安装版本的 python 的结果。因此我决定使用 brew install python@2 重新安装，结果成功了。

Python 的假定位置已更改:

$ which python
/usr/local/bin/python

但是当我尝试使用它时仍然遇到相同的错误:

$ python --version
-bash: /usr/local/opt/python2/libexec/bin/python: No such file or directory

当然，使用 python 解释器的完整路径可以正常工作:

$ /usr/local/bin/python --version
Python 2.7.15

任何人都可以帮我诊断为什么简单地发出 python 会失败并显示 /usr/local/opt/python2/libexec/bin/python: No such file or directory 即使 which python 声明 python 位于 /usr/local/bin/python？

编辑:响应者询问运行文件的输出，这是输出:

$ file /usr/bin/python
/usr/bin/python: Mach-O universal binary with 2 architectures: [i386:Mach-O executable i386] [x86_64:Mach-O 64-bit executable x86_64]
/usr/bin/python (for architecture i386):    Mach-O executable i386
/usr/bin/python (for architecture x86_64):  Mach-O 64-bit executable x86_64
$ file /usr/local/bin/python
/usr/local/bin/python: Mach-O 64-bit executable x86_64

编辑:响应者询问 brew doctor 的输出。这是输出:

Warning: Putting non-prefixed coreutils in your path can cause gmp builds to fail.

Warning: Unbrewed header files were found in /usr/local/include.
If you didn't put them there on purpose they could cause problems when
building Homebrew formulae, and may need to be deleted.

Warning: Broken symlinks were found. Remove them with `brew prune`:
  /usr/local/bin/apm
  /usr/local/bin/atom

编辑:PATH 的输出，有趣的是 /usr/local/opt/python2/libexec/bin 就在那里

$ echo $PATH
/usr/local/opt/coreutils/libexec/gnubin:/Applications/google-cloud-sdk/bin:/usr/local/opt/python2/libexec/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/share/dotnet:/Applications/Wireshark.app/Contents/MacOS
$ ls /usr/local/opt/python2/libexec/bin
ls: cannot access '/usr/local/opt/python2/libexec/bin': No such file or directory
$ ls /usr/local/opt/python2/libexec
pip  setuptools  wheel

Answer 1

解决方案可能只是从 PATH 环境变量中删除 /usr/local/opt/python2/libexec/bin 。

为此，您必须编辑 ~/.bash_profile 并删除该目录的出现。