python - 尝试找出随机滚动的 n 面骰子列表中掷骰子结果出现的频率

Question

我试图找到从 1 到骰子的边数的每个数字的出现次数。我希望程序找到 listRolls 中每个数字出现的次数。

示例:如果有一个 6 面骰子，那么它将是 1 到 6，列表将掷骰子 x 次，我想知道骰子掷了多少次 1 依此类推。

我是Python新手，正在努力学习它!任何帮助将不胜感激!

import random
listRolls = []

# Randomly choose the number of sides of dice between 6 and 12
# Print out 'Will be using: x sides' variable = numSides
def main() :
   global numSides
   global numRolls

   numSides = sides()
   numRolls = rolls()

rollDice()

counterInputs()

listPrint()


def rolls() :
#    for rolls in range(1):
###################################
##    CHANGE 20, 50 to 200, 500  ##
##
    x = (random.randint(20, 50))
    print('Ran for: %s rounds' %(x))
    print ('\n')
    return x

def sides():
#    for sides in range(1):
    y = (random.randint(6, 12))
    print ('\n')
    print('Will be using: %s sides' %(y))
    return y

def counterInputs() :
    counters = [0] * (numSides + 1)   # counters[0] is not used.
    value = listRolls

#    if value >= 1 and value <= numSides :
#         counters[value] = counters[value] + 1

for i in range(1, len(counters)) :
  print("%2d: %4d" % (i, value[i]))

print ('\n')

#  Face value of die based on each roll (numRolls = number of times die is 
thrown).
#  numSides = number of faces)
def rollDice():     
    i = 0
    while (i < numRolls):
        x = (random.randint(1, numSides))
        listRolls.append(x)
#            print (x)   
        i = i + 1
#        print ('Done')

def listPrint():
    for i, item in enumerate(listRolls):
        if (i+1)%13 == 0:
            print(item)
    else:
        print(item,end=', ')
print ('\n')





main()

Answer 1

最快的方法(我知道)是使用集合中的 Counter() (参见底部的仅字典替换):

import random

from collections import Counter

# create our 6-sided dice
sides = range(1,7)  
num_throws = 1000

# generates num_throws random values and counts them
counter = Counter(random.choices(sides, k = num_throws))

print (counter) # Counter({1: 181, 3: 179, 4: 167, 5: 159, 6: 159, 2: 155})

• collections.Counter([iterable-or-mapping]) ) 是一个专门的字典，用于计算您提供的可迭代对象中出现的次数。

• random.choices(population, weights=None, *, cum_weights=None, k=1)使用给定的可迭代对象 (a range(1,7) == 1,2,3,4,5,6 并从中绘制 k 个东西，将它们作为列表返回。

  <

• range(from,to[,steps])生成一个不可变的序列，并使 random.choices 的性能比使用列表时更好。

<小时/>

作为更完整的程序，包括输入面数和 throw 数字并进行验证:

def inputNumber(text,minValue):
    """Ask for numeric input using 'text' - returns integer of minValue or more. """
    rv = None
    while not rv:
        rv = input(text)
        try:
            rv = int(rv)
            if rv < minValue:
                raise ValueError
        except:
            rv = None
            print("Try gain, number must be {} or more\n".format(minValue))
    return rv


from collections import Counter
import random

sides = range(1,inputNumber("How many sides on the dice? [4+] ",4)+1)  
num_throws = inputNumber("How many throws? [1+] ",1)
counter = Counter(random.choices(sides, k = num_throws))

print("")
for k in sorted(counter):
    print ("Number {} occured {} times".format(k,counter[k])) 

输出:

How many sides on the dice? [4+] <b>1</b>
Try gain, number must be 4 or more  

How many sides on the dice? [4+] <b>a</b>
Try gain, number must be 4 or more  

How many sides on the dice? [4+] <b>5</b>
How many throws? [1+] <b>-2</b>
Try gain, number must be 1 or more  

How many throws? [1+] <b>100</b>    

Number 1 occured 22 times
Number 2 occured 20 times
Number 3 occured 22 times
Number 4 occured 23 times
Number 5 occured 13 times

您正在使用 python 2.x 方式格式化字符串输出，请阅读 format(..)及其 format examples .

看看验证用户输入的非常好的答案:Asking the user for input until they give a valid response

<小时/>

如果您不允许使用计数器，请更换它:

# create a dict
d = {}

# iterate over all values you threw
for num in [1,2,2,3,2,2,2,2,2,1,2,1,5,99]:
    # set a defaultvalue of 0 if key not exists
    d.setdefault(num,0)
    # increment nums value by 1
    d[num]+=1

print(d)  # {1: 3, 2: 8, 3: 1, 5: 1, 99: 1}