python - urlerror 和 ssl.CertificateError

Question

我有以下代码:

from urllib.request import urlopen
from urllib.error import HTTPError, URLError
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

# target = "https://www.rolcruise.co.uk/cruise-detail/1158731-hawaii-round-trip-honolulu-2020-05-23"
target = "https://www.rolcruise.co.uk"

try:
    html = urlopen(target)
except HTTPError as e:
    print("You got a HTTP Error. Something wrong with the path.")
    print("Here is the error code: " + str(e.code))
    print("Here is the error reason: " + e.reason)
    print("Happy for the program to end here"
except URLError as e:
    print("You got a URL Error. Something wrong with the URL.")
    print("Here is the error reason: " + str(e.reason))
    print("Happy for the program to end here")
else:
    bs_obj = BeautifulSoup(html, features="lxml")
    print(bs_obj)

如果我故意在输入网址的某些部分时犯错误，则 urlerror 处理工作正常，即如果我故意输入“htps”而不是“https”，或者“ww”而不是“www”，或者“u” ”而不是“英国”。例如

target = "https://www.rolcruise.co.u"

但是，如果主机名(“rolcruise”)或 url 的“co”部分输入错误，则 urlerror 将不起作用，并且我会收到一条错误消息，显示 ssl.CertificateError。例如

target = "https://www.rolcruise.c.uk"

1. 我不明白为什么 URLError 不能涵盖 url 中某处出现拼写错误的所有情况？

2. 鉴于这种情况正在发生，处理 ssl.CertificateError 的下一步措施是什么？

感谢您的帮助!

Answer 1

将 ssl 引入您的命名空间以启动:

import ssl

然后你就可以捕获这种异常:

try:
    html = urlopen(target)
except HTTPError as e:
    print("You got a HTTP Error. Something wrong with the path.")
    print("Here is the error code: " + str(e.code))
    print("Here is the error reason: " + e.reason)
    print("Happy for the program to end here"
except URLError as e:
    print("You got a URL Error. Something wrong with the URL.")
    print("Here is the error reason: " + str(e.reason))
    print("Happy for the program to end here")
except ssl.CertificateError:
     # Do your stuff here...
else:
    bs_obj = BeautifulSoup(html, features="lxml")
    print(bs_obj)