Python - XML - LXML - 如何使用示例 XML 文件中的相同 XML 树结构来创建另一个 XML 文件

Question

我有一个 XML 文件，其中包含一些树结构、元素、属性、文本。我需要使用此 XML 作为模板(树结构和标签)并创建另一个 XML，它可能具有不同数量的元素(即，在下面的模板中有两个“列”元素，但我要创建的元素有三个元素“列”)。

下面是我想用作模板的 XML

<custom-data>
    <schema>SCHEMA</schema>
    <columns>
      <column>
        <name>ORGANIZATION</name>
        <datatype>NUMBER</datatype>
        <length/>
        <precision>18</precision>
        <not-null>Yes</not-null>
      </column>
      <column>
        <name>LOCATION</name>
        <datatype>NUMBER</datatype>
        <length/>
        <precision>18</precision>
        <not-null>Yes</not-null>
      </column>
    </columns>
</custom-data>

不要使用 lxml 定义类似的树，而是通过一一定义每个元素，如下所示。例如，如果“df”是我的带有数据的 pandas 数据框。其中列为(目标列、数据类型、长度、比例、可为空。_

Target Column   Data Type   Length  Scale   Nullable
COLUMN1          NUMBER       38    0   N
COLUMN2          NUMBER       38    0   N
COLUMN3          NUMBER       38    0   N

下面是我正在使用的示例 python 代码

from lxml import etree as et
root = et.Element('custom-data')
schema= et.SubElement(root, 'schema')
schema.text='SCHEMA'
columns= et.SubElement(root, 'columns')

for row in df.iterrows():
    column = et.SubElement(columns, 'columns')
    name = et.SubElement(column , 'name')
    datatype = et.SubElement(column , 'datatype')
    length = et.SubElement(column , 'length')
    precision = et.SubElement(column , 'precision')
    notnull = et.SubElement(column , 'not-null')

    name.text = str(row[1]['Target Column'])
    datatype.text = str(row[1]['Data Type'])
    length.text = str(row[1]['Length'])
    precision.text = str(row[1]['Scale'])
    notnull.text = str(row[1]['Nullable'])

xml_test=et.tostring(root, pretty_print=True).decode('utf-8')
f=open("xml_test.xml", "w")
f.write(xml_test)

预期输出为

<custom-data>
    <schema>SCHEMA</schema>
    <columns>
      <column>
        <name>COLUMN1</name>
        <datatype>NUMBER</datatype>
        <length>38</length>
        <precision>0</precision>
        <not-null>N</not-null>
      </column>
      <column>
        <name>COLUMN2</name>
        <datatype>NUMBER</datatype>
        <length>38</length>
        <precision>0</precision>
        <not-null>N</not-null>
      </column>
      <column>
        <name>COLUMN3</name>
        <datatype>NUMBER</datatype>
        <length>38</length>
        <precision>0</precision>
        <not-null>N</not-null>
      </column>
    </columns>
</custom-data>

如何利用示例 XML 中给出的结构，以便不需要在代码中再次定义它。有没有更简单的方法？

Answer 1

您应该能够解析 XML 模板并使用“column”元素的副本来制作用 DataFrame 中的数据填充的新副本。

应该清理和简化模板，使其仅包含静态值和用作模板的单个“列”元素。

这是一个例子...

XML 模板 (template.xml)

<custom-data>
    <schema>SCHEMA</schema>
    <columns>
        <column>
            <name/>
            <datatype/>
            <length/>
            <precision/>
            <not-null/>
        </column>
    </columns>
</custom-data>

Python

import pandas as pd
from copy import deepcopy
from lxml import etree as et

# Mock up DataFrame for testing.
data = {"Target Column": ["COLUMN1", "COLUMN2", "COLUMN3"],
        "Data Type": ["NUMBER", "NUMBER", "NUMBER"],
        "Length": [38, 38, 38],
        "Scale": [0, 0, 0],
        "Nullable": ["N", "N", "N"]}
df = pd.DataFrame(data=data)

# Create ElementTree from template XML.
tree = et.parse("template.xml")

# Map column names to element names.
name_map = {"Target Column": "name",
            "Data Type": "datatype",
            "Length": "length",
            "Scale": "precision",
            "Nullable": "not-null"}

# Select "columns" element so we can append/remove children.
columns_elem = tree.xpath("/custom-data/columns")[0]
# Select "column" element to use as a template for new column elements.
column_template = columns_elem.xpath("column")[0]

for row in df.iterrows():
    # Create a new copy of the column template.
    new_column = deepcopy(column_template)

    # Populate elements in column template based on name map.
    for col_name, elem_name in name_map.items():
        new_column.xpath(elem_name)[0].text = str(row[1][col_name])

    # Append the new column element to "columns" element.
    columns_elem.append(new_column)

# Remove original empty column template.
columns_elem.remove(column_template)

# Write tree to file.
# Note: I could've just done tree.write("output.xml"), but I used
#       XMLParser(), tostring(), and fromstring() to get the indents
#       all the same.
parser = et.XMLParser(remove_blank_text=True)
et.ElementTree(et.fromstring(et.tostring(tree), 
                             parser=parser)).write("output.xml", 
                                                   pretty_print=True)

XML 输出(“output.xml”)

<custom-data>
  <schema>SCHEMA</schema>
  <columns>
    <column>
      <name>COLUMN1</name>
      <datatype>NUMBER</datatype>
      <length>38</length>
      <precision>0</precision>
      <not-null>N</not-null>
    </column>
    <column>
      <name>COLUMN2</name>
      <datatype>NUMBER</datatype>
      <length>38</length>
      <precision>0</precision>
      <not-null>N</not-null>
    </column>
    <column>
      <name>COLUMN3</name>
      <datatype>NUMBER</datatype>
      <length>38</length>
      <precision>0</precision>
      <not-null>N</not-null>
    </column>
  </columns>
</custom-data>