python - 如何更改类中的变量并将其导入到另一个文件中？

Question

我正在制作一个 GUI，并且有一个包含多个文件的代码，并使用 Controller 文件在文件之间切换。但是，我需要其他文件中可用的多个变量，并且还需要一个自己的文件，我可以在其中跟踪所有变量的值。我现在已经实例化了文件顶部的变量，并尝试更改下面的类中的值，但是如果我然后导入到另一个文件，它只会给出首先实例化的值(这是公平的，因为我没有调用类，但这是一个问题)。请帮忙。在我的一些代码下:

来自文件第一个窗口

import sys
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtWidgets, QtGui

LEVELS = 2
NUM_ICE = 4
NUM_CONES = 8

class Login(QtWidgets.QWidget):

    switch_window = QtCore.pyqtSignal()

    def __init__(self):
        QtWidgets.QWidget.__init__(self)
        self.setupUi(self)
        self.setWindowTitle('First')

    def setupUi(self, FirstWindow):
        FirstWindow.setObjectName("First")
        FirstWindow.setEnabled(True)
        FirstWindow.resize(675,776)

        FirstWindow.setFocusPolicy(QtCore.Qt.TabFocus)

        layout = QtWidgets.QGridLayout()

        self.spinBoxNUM_ICE = QtWidgets.QSpinBox()
        self.spinBoxNUM_CONES = QtWidgets.QSpinBox()
        self.spinBoxLEVELS = QtWidgets.QSpinBox()

        layout.addWidget(self.spinBoxNUM_MASTERS,1,2)
        layout.addWidget(self.spinBoxNUM_SLAVES,2,2)
        layout.addWidget(self.spinBoxPRIORITY_LEVELS,11,2)

#CONTINUE AND QUIT BUTTON
        self.QuitButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton("Quit")
        self.QContinueButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton("Continue")
        #actions
        self.QuitButton.clicked.connect(FirstWindow.close)
        self.QContinueButton.clicked.connect(self.login)

    def login(self):
        #global NUM_ICE
        self.NUM_ICE = self.spinBoxNUM_ICE.value()
        global NUM_CONES
        NUM_CONES = self.spinBoxNUM_CONES.value()
        global LEVELS
        LEVELS = self.spinBoxLEVELS.value()

        self.switch_window.emit()

并在 Controller 文件中

class Controller:

    def __init__(self):
        pass

    def show_login(self):
        self.login = Login()
        self.login.switch_window.connect(self.show_main)
        self.login.show()

    def show_main(self):
        self.window = MainWindow()
        self.window.switch_window.connect(self.show_window_two)
        self.login.close()
        self.window.show()

在主窗口文件中我想使用级别

import sys
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtWidgets
from firstwindow import LEVELS


class MainWindow(QtWidgets.QWidget):

    switch_window = QtCore.pyqtSignal()
    #switch_window = QtCore.pyqtSignal(str)

    def __init__(self):
        QtWidgets.QWidget.__init__(self)
        self.setupUi(self, LEVELS)
        self.setWindowTitle('PriorityMap')

    def setupUi(self, PriorityMap, LEVELS):
        PriorityMap.setObjectName("First")
        PriorityMap.setEnabled(True)
        PriorityMap.resize(675,776)

        PriorityMap.setFocusPolicy(QtCore.Qt.TabFocus)

        layout = QtWidgets.QGridLayout()
        #CREATING ELEMENTS
        for i in range(0,LEVELS+2):
            for j in range(0,5):
                if (i==0 and j!=0):
                    layout.addWidget(QtWidgets.QLabel(str(j-1)),i,j)
                elif (j==0 and i!=0):
                    layout.addWidget(QtWidgets.QLabel("LEVEL"+str(i-1)),i,j)
                else:
                    layout.addWidget(QtWidgets.QPushButton(str(i)+","+str(j)),i,j)

        #CONTINUE AND QUIT BUTTON
        self.QuitButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton("Quit")
        self.QContinueButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton("Continue")
        #actions
        self.QuitButton.clicked.connect(PriorityMap.close)
        self.QContinueButton.clicked.connect(self.switch)

        #LAYOUT
        layout.addWidget(self.QuitButton,15,1)
        layout.addWidget(self.QContinueButton,15,2)



        self.setLayout(layout)

    def switch(self):
        self.switch_window.emit()

Answer 1

避免滥用全局变量⁽¹⁾，在这种情况下没有必要，您必须在 show_main 方法中进行更改之前先动态创建小部件:

class Controller:
    def show_login(self):
        self.login = Login()
        self.login.switch_window.connect(self.show_main)
        self.login.show()

    def show_main(self):
        self.window = MainWindow()
        levels = self.login.spinBoxLEVELS.value()
        self.window.setLevels(levels)
        self.window.switch_window.connect(self.show_window_two)
        self.login.close()
        self.window.show()

class MainWindow(QtWidgets.QWidget):
    switch_window = QtCore.pyqtSignal()
    # switch_window = QtCore.pyqtSignal(str)

    def __init__(self):
        QtWidgets.QWidget.__init__(self)
        self.setupUi(self)
        self.setWindowTitle('PriorityMap')

    def setupUi(self, PriorityMap):
        PriorityMap.setObjectName("First")
        PriorityMap.setEnabled(True)
        PriorityMap.resize(675,776)

        PriorityMap.setFocusPolicy(QtCore.Qt.TabFocus)

        layout = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout(self)
        self.m_content_widget = QtWidgets.QWidget()
        layout.addWidget(self.m_content_widget, stretch=1)
        #CONTINUE AND QUIT BUTTON
        self.QuitButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton("Quit")
        self.QContinueButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton("Continue")
        #actions
        self.QuitButton.clicked.connect(PriorityMap.close)
        self.QContinueButton.clicked.connect(self.switch)

        w = QtWidgets.QWidget()
        hlay = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout(w)
        hlay.addWidget(self.QuitButton)
        hlay.addWidget(self.QContinueButton)
        layout.addWidget(w, alignment=QtCore.Qt.AlignRight)

    def setLevels(self, levels):
        layout = QtWidgets.QGridLayout(self.m_content_widget)
        for i in range(0,levels+2):
            for j in range(0, 5):
                if (i==0 and j!=0):
                    layout.addWidget(QtWidgets.QLabel(str(j-1)),i,j)
                elif (j==0 and i!=0):
                    layout.addWidget(QtWidgets.QLabel("LEVEL"+str(i-1)),i,j)
                else:
                    layout.addWidget(QtWidgets.QPushButton(str(i)+","+str(j)),i,j)

    def switch(self):
        self.switch_window.emit()

^{(1) Why are global variables evil?}