STM32+SD卡(FATFS和SPI)+物理连接+FR_NOT_READY

Question

我是 stm 和 STM32CubeMX 世界的新手。到目前为止，我已经能够在温度传感器上成功实现 SPI 和 I2C。现在我尝试将数据写入SD卡，不幸的是到目前为止没有成功。作为微 Controller ，我使用 STM32L073RZT6 和 Waveshare 的 SD 卡模块，它具有 SDIO 和 SPI 接口(interface)。我的问题是我还没有看到任何合理的文档来告诉我如何正确地将 SD 卡连接到微 Controller 。在我之前的尝试中，我将微 Controller 连接到 SD 卡模块如下:

• 3v3 <---> 3v3 (Pin1)
• GND <---> GND(引脚 2)
• PB3 (SCK) <---> SCLK(引脚 5)
• PB4(味噌)<--->味噌(DO)(引脚 3)
• PB5 (MOSI) <---> MOSI (DI)(引脚 4)
• PA9 (GPIO 输出) <---> CS (Pin6)

Pin_configuration sd_card_back

sd_card_front mircrocontroller

Pin_description

我是否正确地将 SD 卡连接到微 Controller ？什么是 CMD 和 CD？ D0 到 D3 有什么作用？ SDIO 从微 Controller 到 SD 卡的配置和物理连接看起来如何？起初我尝试使用 HAL_SPI_Transmit ()，最后使用下面的代码，如 https://blog.domski.pl/using-fatfs-with-hal/ 中所述。 .函数 f_open() 返回值 FR_NOT_READY。

/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file           : main.c
  * @brief          : Main program body
  ******************************************************************************
  * This notice applies to any and all portions of this file
  * that are not between comment pairs USER CODE BEGIN and
  * USER CODE END. Other portions of this file, whether 
  * inserted by the user or by software development tools
  * are owned by their respective copyright owners.
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2019 STMicroelectronics International N.V. 
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 
  * modification, are permitted, provided that the following conditions are met:
  *
  * 1. Redistribution of source code must retain the above copyright notice, 
  *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
  *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
  *    and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  * 3. Neither the name of STMicroelectronics nor the names of other 
  *    contributors to this software may be used to endorse or promote products 
  *    derived from this software without specific written permission.
  * 4. This software, including modifications and/or derivative works of this 
  *    software, must execute solely and exclusively on microcontroller or
  *    microprocessor devices manufactured by or for STMicroelectronics.
  * 5. Redistribution and use of this software other than as permitted under 
  *    this license is void and will automatically terminate your rights under 
  *    this license. 
  *
  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY STMICROELECTRONICS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" 
  * AND ANY EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT 
  * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A 
  * PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT OF THIRD PARTY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
  * RIGHTS ARE DISCLAIMED TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW. IN NO EVENT 
  * SHALL STMICROELECTRONICS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
  * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, 
  * OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF 
  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING 
  * NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE,
  * EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "stm32l0xx_hal.h"
#include "fatfs.h"

/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */

/* USER CODE END Includes */

/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
SPI_HandleTypeDef hspi1;

UART_HandleTypeDef huart2;

/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
FATFS fs;
FATFS *pfs;
FIL fil;
FRESULT fres;
DWORD fre_clust;
uint32_t total, free;
char buffer[100];

/* USER CODE END PV */

/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void);
static void MX_SPI1_Init(void);
static void MX_USART2_UART_Init(void);

/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */
/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/

/* USER CODE END PFP */

/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */

/* USER CODE END 0 */

/**
  * @brief  The application entry point.
  *
  * @retval None
  */
int main(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */

  /* USER CODE END 1 */

  /* MCU Configuration----------------------------------------------------------*/

  /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
  HAL_Init();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */

  /* USER CODE END Init */

  /* Configure the system clock */
  SystemClock_Config();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */

  /* USER CODE END SysInit */

  /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  MX_SPI1_Init();
  MX_USART2_UART_Init();
  MX_FATFS_Init();
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */

    //https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/Micro_SD_Storage_Board
    HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_5);
    HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_9,GPIO_PIN_SET); //set CS on high
    HAL_Delay(1000);

    //http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/00index_e.html

    /* Mount SD Card */
  if(f_mount(&fs, "", 0) == FR_OK) {
        //HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_5);
  }
  /* Open file to write */
  if(f_open(&fil, "first.txt", FA_OPEN_ALWAYS | FA_READ | FA_WRITE) == FR_NOT_READY) {
        HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_5);
  }

  /* Check free space */
  //if(f_getfree("", &fre_clust, &pfs) != FR_OK) HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_5);

  //total = (uint32_t)((pfs->n_fatent - 2) * pfs->csize * 0.5);
  //free = (uint32_t)(fre_clust * pfs->csize * 0.5);   

  /* Free space is less than 1kb */
  //if(free < 1) HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_5); 

  /* Writing text */
 // f_puts("STM32 SD Card I/O Example via SPI\n", &fil);  
  //f_puts("Save the world!!!", &fil);

  /* Close file */
  //if(f_close(&fil) != FR_OK) HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_5); 

  /* Open file to read */
 // if(f_open(&fil, "first.txt", FA_READ) != FR_OK) HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_5);

  //while(f_gets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), &fil))
  //{
    //printf("%s", buffer);
  //}

  /* Close file */
  //if(f_close(&fil) != FR_OK) HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_5);    

  /* Unmount SDCARD */
  //if(f_mount(NULL, "", 1) != FR_OK) HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_5);


  /* USER CODE END 2 */

  /* Infinite loop */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
  while (1)
  {

  /* USER CODE END WHILE */

  /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */

  }
  /* USER CODE END 3 */

}

/**
  * @brief System Clock Configuration
  * @retval None
  */
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{

  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct;
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct;
  RCC_PeriphCLKInitTypeDef PeriphClkInit;

    /**Configure the main internal regulator output voltage 
    */
  __HAL_PWR_VOLTAGESCALING_CONFIG(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1);

    /**Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB busses clocks 
    */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_MSI;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.MSIState = RCC_MSI_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.MSICalibrationValue = 0;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.MSIClockRange = RCC_MSIRANGE_5;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_NONE;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    _Error_Handler(__FILE__, __LINE__);
  }

    /**Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB busses clocks 
    */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                              |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_MSI;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;

  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_0) != HAL_OK)
  {
    _Error_Handler(__FILE__, __LINE__);
  }

  PeriphClkInit.PeriphClockSelection = RCC_PERIPHCLK_USART2;
  PeriphClkInit.Usart2ClockSelection = RCC_USART2CLKSOURCE_PCLK1;
  if (HAL_RCCEx_PeriphCLKConfig(&PeriphClkInit) != HAL_OK)
  {
    _Error_Handler(__FILE__, __LINE__);
  }

    /**Configure the Systick interrupt time 
    */
  HAL_SYSTICK_Config(HAL_RCC_GetHCLKFreq()/1000);

    /**Configure the Systick 
    */
  HAL_SYSTICK_CLKSourceConfig(SYSTICK_CLKSOURCE_HCLK);

  /* SysTick_IRQn interrupt configuration */
  HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(SysTick_IRQn, 0, 0);
}

/* SPI1 init function */
static void MX_SPI1_Init(void)
{

  /* SPI1 parameter configuration*/
  hspi1.Instance = SPI1;
  hspi1.Init.Mode = SPI_MODE_MASTER;
  hspi1.Init.Direction = SPI_DIRECTION_2LINES;
  hspi1.Init.DataSize = SPI_DATASIZE_8BIT;
  hspi1.Init.CLKPolarity = SPI_POLARITY_HIGH;
  hspi1.Init.CLKPhase = SPI_PHASE_1EDGE;
  hspi1.Init.NSS = SPI_NSS_SOFT;
  hspi1.Init.BaudRatePrescaler = SPI_BAUDRATEPRESCALER_32;
  hspi1.Init.FirstBit = SPI_FIRSTBIT_MSB;
  hspi1.Init.TIMode = SPI_TIMODE_DISABLE;
  hspi1.Init.CRCCalculation = SPI_CRCCALCULATION_DISABLE;
  hspi1.Init.CRCPolynomial = 7;
  if (HAL_SPI_Init(&hspi1) != HAL_OK)
  {
    _Error_Handler(__FILE__, __LINE__);
  }

}

/* USART2 init function */
static void MX_USART2_UART_Init(void)
{

  huart2.Instance = USART2;
  huart2.Init.BaudRate = 9600;
  huart2.Init.WordLength = UART_WORDLENGTH_8B;
  huart2.Init.StopBits = UART_STOPBITS_1;
  huart2.Init.Parity = UART_PARITY_NONE;
  huart2.Init.Mode = UART_MODE_TX_RX;
  huart2.Init.HwFlowCtl = UART_HWCONTROL_NONE;
  huart2.Init.OverSampling = UART_OVERSAMPLING_16;
  huart2.Init.OneBitSampling = UART_ONE_BIT_SAMPLE_DISABLE;
  huart2.AdvancedInit.AdvFeatureInit = UART_ADVFEATURE_NO_INIT;
  if (HAL_UART_Init(&huart2) != HAL_OK)
  {
    _Error_Handler(__FILE__, __LINE__);
  }

}

/** Configure pins as 
        * Analog 
        * Input 
        * Output
        * EVENT_OUT
        * EXTI
*/
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void)
{

  GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct;

  /* GPIO Ports Clock Enable */
  __HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
  __HAL_RCC_GPIOB_CLK_ENABLE();

  /*Configure GPIO pin Output Level */
  HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_5|GPIO_PIN_9, GPIO_PIN_RESET);

  /*Configure GPIO pins : PA5 PA9 */
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_5|GPIO_PIN_9;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_LOW;
  HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);

}

/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */

/* USER CODE END 4 */

/**
  * @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
  * @param  file: The file name as string.
  * @param  line: The line in file as a number.
  * @retval None
  */
void _Error_Handler(char *file, int line)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
  while(1)
  {

  }
  /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}

#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
  * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
  *         where the assert_param error has occurred.
  * @param  file: pointer to the source file name
  * @param  line: assert_param error line source number
  * @retval None
  */
void assert_failed(uint8_t* file, uint32_t line)
{ 
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
     tex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
  /* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

/**
  * @}
  */

/**
  * @}
  */

/************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/

我知道有 stm32 系列的项目示例，这对我没有帮助。

Answer 1

我不知道如何为 SD 卡使用 SDIO，但我已经使用过几次 SPI。试试这个:https://www.controllerstech.com/sd-card-using-spi-in-stm32/ .我已经在我的项目中使用过它并且它有效。

你说的连接是正确的:

• 3v3 <---> 3v3 (Pin1)
• GND <---> GND (Pin 2)
• PB3 (SCK) <---> SCLK (pin 5)
• PB4 (MISO) <---> MISO (DO) (Pin 3)
• PB5 (MOSI) <---> MOSI (DI) (pin 4)
• PA9 (GPIO OUT) <---> CS (Pin6)

pin CD 用于检测卡是否插入。您可以在其上连接一个上拉电阻，当卡未插入时该引脚将为高电平，当插入 SD 卡时该引脚将为低电平。例如，您可以使用中断来检测 SD 卡的插入并对其进行初始化，或者让代码仅在插入时才将数据写入 SD 卡。